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Intro: Muscle Tissue > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Smooth Muscle (comparison)

A

spindle-shaped, nonstriated uninucleated fibers
occurs in walls of internal organs
INVOLUNTARY

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1
Q

What is Muscle Tissue?

A

primary tissue type divided into:
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle (comparison)

A

striated, branched, uninucleated fibers
occurs in wall of HEART
INVOLUNTARY

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3
Q

Skeletal Muscle (comparison)

A

striated, tubular, multinucleated fibers
usually attached to skeleton
VOLUNTARY

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4
Q

Skeletal Muscles (intro)

A

attached to skeletal system

allow us to move

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5
Q

FUNCTIONS of Skeletal Muscles

A
  • produce movement of the skeleton
  • maintain posture & body positioning
  • supports soft tissue
  • guard entrances & exits
  • maintains body temp
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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle STRUCTURES

A
  • muscle tissues (muscle cells or FIBERS)
  • connective tissue: consists of 3 layers
    epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
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7
Q

Epimysium

A

(layer in connective tissue)

sorrounds entirem muscle, and separated from sorrounding tissue

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

(layer in connective tissue)

divides muscle into fascicles

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9
Q

Endomysium

A

(layer in connective tissue)

sorround muscle fascicles

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10
Q

ORGANIZATION of Skeletal Muscle

A

the end of the 3 layers emerge to form:

tendon or aponeurosis

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11
Q

Nerves

A

skeletal muscles are VOLUNTARY muscles,
controlled by nerves of the Central Nervous System
( brain & spinal cord )

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12
Q

Blood Vessels

A

supply large amounts of OXYGEN & NUTRIENTS

carries away wastes

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13
Q

Muscle Fiber Stimulation ( Wave Summation)

A

repeated simulation before the relaxation phase

ex. bicep curl

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14
Q

Muscle Fiber Stimulation ( Incomplete Tetanus )

A

if rapid stimualtion continues and muscle is not allowed to relax, twitches reach maximum level of tension.
ex. incomplete curl

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15
Q

Muscle Fiber Stimulation ( Complete Tetanus )

A

if stimulation frequency is high enough, muscle fiber begins to relax, and is in continuous contraction
ex. completed curl

16
Q

ATP Generation ( Aerobic Metabolism )

A
  • primary energy source of resting muscles
  • breaks down fatty acids
  • ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate) transports chemical energy within cells
17
Q

ATP Generation ( Anaerobic Glycosis)

A
  • primary energy source for peak muscular activity
  • produces 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose
  • breaks down glucose from glycogen stored in skeletal muscles
18
Q

Energy Use & Level of Muscle Activity

A
  • skeletal muscles at rest metabolize fatty acids and store glycogen
  • during moderate activity, muscles generate ATP through anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, or amino acids
  • at peak activity, energy is provided by anerobic reactions that generate lactic acid as a by-product
19
Q

Muscle Fatigue

A
  • when muscles can no longer perfrom a required activity
20
Q

Results of Muscle Fatigue

A
  • depletion of metabolic reserve
  • damage to muscle components
  • low pH ( lactic acid)
  • muscle exhaustion & pain
21
Q

Physical Conditioning ( Muscle Hypertrophy)

A

muscle growth from heavy training

  • increases diameter of muscle fibers
  • increases number of myofibrils
22
Q

Physical Conditioning ( Muscle Atrophy )

A

lack of muscle activity

- reduces muscle size, tone, and power

23
Q

Muscle Origin

A

beginning part of any muscle ( always stationary )

muscles are named according to its origin, insertion, or according to their actions.

24
Q

Muscles Insertion

A

the ending part of any muscle ( always moves )

musclesn are named according to its origin, insertion, or according to their actions.

25
Q

Muscle Actions ( Primary Action Categories)

A

prime mover ( agonist ), synergist, antagonist

26
Q

Muscle Action ( Primary Mover)

A

( agonist )

main muscle in action

27
Q

Muscle Action ( Synergist )

A

helper muscle in action

28
Q

Muscle Action ( Antagonist )

A

opposed muscle to an action

29
Q

Divisions of Muscular System

A

Axian & Appendicular Muscles

30
Q

Axial Muscles

A 
- position head and spinal cord 
( muscles of head, neck, & spine )
- muscles of the trunk
( oblique & rectus muscles ) 
- move rib cage
( muscles of pelvic floor )
- 60% of skeletal muscles
31
Q

Appendicular Muscles

A 
- support pectoral and pelvic girdles
( positions & stabalizes )
- support limbs 
( movement )
- 40% of skeletal muscles
32
Q

Muscles of Pelvic Floor ( Functions )

A
  • support organs of pelvic cavity
  • flex sacrum & coccyx
  • control movement of materials through urethra & anus.
33
Q

Effects of Aging on the Muscular System

A
  • skeletal muscle fibers become smaller in diameter
  • skeletal muscles become less elastic
    ( develop increasing amounts of fibrous tissue ) FIBROSIS
  • decreased tolerance for exercise
  • drcreased ability to recover from muscular injuries
34
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

delivers oxygen and fuel

removed carbon dioxide and wastes

35
Q

Respiratory System

A

responds to oxygen demand of muscles

36
Q

Integumentar System

A

disperses hest from muscle activity

37
Q

Nervous & Endocrine System

A

direct responses of all systems

Intro: Muscle Tissue (1 decks)

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