muscle tissue Flashcards by MORASCALLO MARY CHRISTINE

study of the structure, arrangement, and
action of muscles

MYOLOGY

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Excitability:
capacity to generate..

electrical impulses

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Contractility:

capacity to …..

shorten in length

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FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

voluntary movement
maintenance of body posture
stabilize joints
generate heat

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attached to bones via tendons

Skeletal Muscle Tissues

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Skeletal Muscle Tissues

shape:
nuclei:
striations:
control:

elongated cell
multiple peripheral nuclei
visible
voluntary

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located in the heart

Cardiac Muscle Tissues

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Cardiac Muscle Tissue

shape:
nuclei:
striations:
control:

breaching cell
single central nuclei
visible
involuntary

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present throughout the gastrointestinal,
reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory
systems

smooth muscle tissue

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Smooth Muscle Tissue

shape:
nuclei:
striations:
control:

spindle-shaped cell
single central nuclei
lack visible striations.
involuntary

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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SKELETAL
MUSCLE FIBERS

multinucleated
striations
numerous mitochondria
transverse tubules
sarcoplasmic reticulum
myofibrils within the cytoplasm

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acts like a circulatory system in the cell

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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bundle of protein filaments

myofibrils within the cytoplasm

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called “sarcoplasmic reticulum” in muscle cells

endoplasmic reticulum

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acts like the circulatory system of the cell

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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It is named “sarcoplasmic reticulum” because of
……………… attached to it
and it is found only on muscle cells.

lateral sacs or terminal cisterns

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the region between the two Z-lines

Sarcomere Units

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bundle of muscle proteins

myofibril

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complex organelle composed of
bundles of myofilaments

myofibril

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the distance between two z-lines

sarcomere

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When you flex your muscles, z-line …. each other

go towards (decreasing
sarcomere)

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When you stretch your muscles z-line will

separate (thus, increasing
sarcomere)

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muscle proteins

Myofilament:

proteins

filament

the chemical bond in muscles

"actinomyosin bond”

high powered molecule

ATP

light areas for one protein and dark areas whenever they ......

converge

light areas for ........ and dark areas whenever they converge

one protein

in the ...... they could only see light and dark bands

1940's

- dark band (overlapping actin and myosin

A band

light band (purely actin)

I band

Types of Protein Filaments

Actin (thin) Myofilaments & Myosin (thick) Myofilaments

attached to the z-lines and extend inwards and no attachments

Actin (thin) Myofilaments

thicker proteins and have little projections on them

Myosin (thick) Myofilaments

THE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION BY:

Andrew F. Huxley’s Theory (1950s - 1960s)

THE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

● Myosin cross-bridges pull on thin filaments. ● Thin filaments slide inward ● Z lines come toward each other ● Sarcomeres shorten ● The muscle fibre shortens ● The muscle shortens

also known as Muscle cell membrane

sarcolemma

forms a deep vertical tube that extends inward deep into the muscle

sarcolemma

you call this T-tubule

sarcolemmal invagination

There is always fluid surrounding a cell and ...... inside a cell is fluid

80%

There are ____ skeletal muscles in the body that compromise about ____ of body weight

650 and 40%

The fluid outside of muscle cells is surrounded with ______ as well as into T-tubules

sodium ions

these are the only cells where sodium ions can into

Muscle and Nerve Cells

______ is the coupling ion

calcium

OUPLING REACTION IN THE MUSCLE CELL

(1) Na+ flow into the muscle cell Action Potential (AP) = electrical current (Excitation) (2) AP causes the release of Ca+ from the lateral sacs (coupling) (3) the Ca+2 causes the myosin cross-bridges to start pushing the actin myofilaments inward (“Contraction”) or shortening

Once sodium gets into the cell, it will start __________

electric current

_______ will start to flow out of the muscle sac

. Calcium ions

Calcium activates the _________ or the feet of the men

myosin bridges

Action Potential:

excitation

1. Brief Maximal-Type Training

power - hypertrophy growth

power - hypertrophy growth example

i. weight lifting ii. sprinting iii. jumping

b. muscle fiber characteristics of power - hypertrophy growth example (LaFaHiLo)

i. large diameter muscle fibers ii. fast rate of contraction iii. high power development iv. low myoglobin content ● minimal storage of oxygen within muscle fibers ● “white” coloration of muscle fibers

Sustained, Sub-maximal Type Training

endurance (aerobics) - prolonged exercise

prolonged exercise c. examples:

i. long-distance running ii. swimming iii. cycling

d. muscle fiber characteristics of prolonged exercise

i. small diameter muscle fibers ● slow rate of contraction ● high endurance ii. high myoglobin content ● permits storage

hyper -

increase

trophy

growth