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ES 2040 muscle tissue > muscle tissue > Flashcards

muscle tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Myo =

A

muscle

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2
Q

Sarco = flesh (muscle)

A

flesh (muscle)

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3
Q

syn =

A

together

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4
Q

ant =

A

against

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5
Q

agonist =

A

competitor

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6
Q

Iso =

A

same

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7
Q

Epi =

A

upon

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8
Q

Peri =

A

around

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9
Q

Endo =

A

within

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10
Q

what are the 4 functions of muscle tissue?

A

movement, maintain posture, heat production, and stabilize joints

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11
Q

What are the four characteristics that all muscles share?

A

excitability, contractibility, extensibility, and elasticity

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12
Q

what is the function of excitability?

A

can receive and respond to stimuli

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13
Q

what is the function of contractility?

A

can shorten when stimulated

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14
Q

what is the function of extensibility?

A

can stretch

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15
Q

what is the function of elasticity?

A

can return to original shape

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16
Q

T/F: muscle is an organ

A

true

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17
Q

what are the 3 features of the different tissues which make up skeletal muscle?

A

nerve and blood supply, connective tissue sheaths, and attachments

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18
Q

T/F: muscles are energetically expensive

A

true

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19
Q

every skeletal muscle fiber is innervated by a _________

A

nerve ending

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20
Q

muscle is highly vascularized for ___________________

A

nutrients, oxygen, energy, and waste removal

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21
Q

name the CT sheaths from external to internal

A

epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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22
Q

what type of connective tissue makes up the epimysium?

A

dense irregular CT tissue

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23
Q

what does the epimysium surround?

A

the epimysium surrounds the whole muscle

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24
Q

what type of connective tissue makes up the perimysium?

A

dense regular connective tissue

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25
Q

what does dense regular CT allow the perimysium to do?

A

allows the muscle to move back and forth; pulls in the same direction

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26
Q

what does the perimysium surround?

A

the perimysium surrounds each fascicle

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27
Q

what type of connective tissue makes up the endomysium?

A

areolar loose CT

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28
Q

what does the endomysium surround?

A

surrounds each muscle fiber

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29
Q

what are the three things that make of a muscle fiber?

A

sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, and sarcoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

characteristics of a muscle fiber

A

large cells; multi-nucleated

31
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

organelles

32
Q

what are myofilaments?

A

filaments

33
Q

what are the two types of myofilaments?

A

myosin (thick) and actin (thin)

34
Q

myosin =

A

thick

35
Q

actin =

A

thin

36
Q

what is the structure of a skeletal muscle in order

A

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibrils, thick and thin filaments

37
Q

the sarcolemma is under the ______

A

endomysium

38
Q

what is included in the anatomy of a myofibril?

A

Z line (disc), M line, A band, I band, and sarcomere

39
Q

function of Z line

A

anchor for thin filaments; actin moves where Z line moves

40
Q

function of M line

A

anchor for thick filaments

41
Q

A band:

A

dark area; extends length of the thick filaments

42
Q

I band:

A

light area; thin myofilaments ONLY; Z disc is center of I band

43
Q

Sarcomere:

A

functional unit of skeletal muscle; Z disc to z disc; aligned end to end within myofibril

44
Q

in a sarcomere, what moves for a muscle contraction?

A

both Z lines pull in together

45
Q

what is the functional unit of skeletal muscle?

A

sarcomere

46
Q

which filament wants to bind to actin?

A

myosin

47
Q

what makes up thick myofilaments?

A

myosin
myosin makes up thick myofilaments

48
Q

characteristics of myosin

A

rodlike tail & 2 globular heads

49
Q

what do the heads on myosin contain?

A

heads contain binding sites for actin & ATP

50
Q

how would you describe the placement of actin on a myofilament?

A

extends across I band and part way in A band; anchored to Z discs

51
Q

what makes up thin myofilaments?

A

actin

52
Q

actin contains binding sites for _____

A

myosin heads

53
Q

charactertisitcs of myosin

A

G-actin strung together; 2 twisting strands make up thin myofilaments

54
Q

what is the name of the rod-shaped protein which runs along actin?

A

tropomyosin

55
Q

when the muscle is relaxed, what blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin?

A

tropomyosin blocks myosin-binding sites on actin when muscle is relaxed

56
Q

what is a key player in the sliding filament model of contraction?

A

tropinin

57
Q

where is troponin located?

A

in thin myofilaments

58
Q

T/F: troponin contains a 4 polypeptide subunit complex

A

FALSE
troponin contains a 3 polypeptide subunit complex

59
Q

where does each of the 3 polypeptide subunit complexs in troponin bind to?

A

1 subunit bound to actin
1 subunit bound to tropomyosin
1 subunit binds to Ca2+

60
Q

where is Ca2+ stored when the muscle is relaxed?

A

in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

61
Q

definition of a thin filament:

A

a thin filament consists of two strands of actin subunits twisted into a helix plus two types of regulatory proteins (troponin and tropomyosin)

62
Q

definition of a thick filament:

A

each thick filament consists of many myosin molecules whose heads protrude at opposite ends of the filament

63
Q

in a relaxed state, thin and thick filaments…

A

overlap only slightly

64
Q

upon stimulation, myosin heads bind to actin and ________

A

sliding begins

65
Q

how many steps are in the sliding filament model?

A

4

66
Q

what is the purpose of the sliding filament model?

A

it is an explanation for how muscles contract to produce force

67
Q

what are some precursers for the events of contraction

A

Ca2+ binding to troponin to move tropomyosin and reveal binding sites

68
Q

what are the four sequential events of contraction?

A
  1. cross bridge formation
  2. power stroke
  3. cross bridge detachment
  4. “cocking” of the myosin head
69
Q

what happens in step one of the sliding filament model?

A

cross bridge formation
- myosin attaches to actin filament forming a cross bridge

70
Q

what happens in step two of the sliding filament model?

A

powerstroke
- myosin head picots and pulls actin filament toward M line

71
Q

what happens in step three of the sliding filament model?

A

cross bridge detachment
- myosin head releases from actin

72
Q

what happens in step four of the sliding filament model?

A

“cocking” of the mysoin head
- energy from ATP “cocks” (or energizes) the myosin head for the next power stroke

ES 2040 muscle tissue (1 decks)

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