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Area: Human anatomy and physiology > Muscle Tendon Unit > Flashcards

Muscle Tendon Unit Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle contractile proteins

A

Actin and myosin

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2
Q

Muscle noncontractile proteins

A

titin and desmin

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3
Q

Contractile + non-contractile muscle proteins=

A

myofilament

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4
Q

Many myofilaments=

A

myofibrils

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5
Q

Group of myofibrils=

A

muscle fiber

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6
Q

Group of myofibrils=

A

muscle fiber

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7
Q

single muscle fiber is surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue called the

A

endomysium

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8
Q

Numerous muscle fibers, grouped together in a parallel alignment, form a

A

muscle fascide

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9
Q

the muscle fascide is surrounded by a thicker connective tissue called

A

perimysium

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10
Q

A muscle belly is a collection of muscle fascicles, and is surrounded by an

A

epimysium

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11
Q

a motor unit consists of two things

A

1) single motor neuron 2)all of its innervated muscle fibers

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12
Q

Fine motor skills - (smaller/larger) number of muscle fibers per motor neuron

A

smaller

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13
Q

______ are the cells primarily responsible for tendon metabolism

A

Tenocytes

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14
Q

______balance the production and destruction of the extracellular matrix of the tendon

A

Tenocytes

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15
Q

______ tissue contributes to the ability of a tendon to withstand large tensile forces

A

collagenous

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16
Q

_____allows for some mechanical deformation and compliance to avoid disruption

A

elastin

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17
Q

Collagen type ___ is the predominant fiber type in tendons and is synthesized in response to mechanical loading by tenocyte activity

A

Type 1

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18
Q

Muscle can be up to ___% body weight

A

50%

Tissue tolerance class

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19
Q

Tendon makeup

__% cellular material

__% extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

Tendon makeup

20% cellular material

80% extracellular matrix (ECM)

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20
Q 
Extracellular matrix (ECM) 
\_\_% to \_\_% of ECM is water
A 
Extracellular matrix (ECM) 
55-70% water

Remaining is primarily solids - mostly collagen but also proteoglycans, elastin and other proteins
(tissue tolerance class)

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21
Q

Blood vessels represent __%-___% of ECM

A

Blood vessels represent 1-2% of ECM

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22
Q

True or false:

Synovial fluid within tendon sheeth flushes the tendon – providing lubrication and enhanced gliding

A

True

23
Q

Tendon vascular nutrition is supplied by three areas

A

Supplied by blood vessels from perimysium, periosteal insertion and paratenon (tendon sheeth)

24
Q

Amount of blood supply depends on a number of factors such as

A

Anatomical location

Morphology

Previous injury

Activity levels

25
Q

True or False:
Neural innervation is limited – small branches of nerve fibers that penetrate epitenon, rarely terminating within the tendon itself

A

True

26
Q

Tendon tissue orientation at MTJ is unique - orientated in _____directional

A

Tendon tissue orientation at MTJ is unique - orientated in multidirectional manner

27
Q

Physiologic _____ ______ area + _____ angle of the muscle affect the amount of force transmitted through the tendon to the bone

A

Physiologic cross sectional area + pennation angle of the muscle affect the amount of force transmitted through the tendon to the bone

28
Q

_________ or __________ is where skeletal muscles and collagenous tendon tissue meet to create an MTU (muscle tendon unit)

A

Myotentendious or musculotendinous junction (MTJ is where skeletal muscl and collagenous tendon tissue meet to create an MTU (muscle tendon unit)

29
Q

Generally, pennanted muscles can create (lesser/greater) force than fusiform muscles with similar volume

A

Generally, pennanted muscles can create greater force than fusiform muscles with similar volume

30
Q

Muscles tend to generate the most active force in a _____ range

A

Muscles tend to generate the most active force in a mid range

31
Q

Shortened or elongated muscles cause alterations in actin-myosin overlap at the sarcomere and are thought to (increase/reduce) the creation of active tension

A

Shortened or elongated muscles cause alterations in actin-myosin overlap at the sarcomere and are thought to reduce the creation of active tension

32
Q

(Eccentric/Concentric) muscle contractions allow control of greater loads

A

Eccentric muscle contractions allow control of greater loads

33
Q

Force-time relationship suggests that as time of contraction (decreases/increases), so will the amount of force generated

A

Force-time relationship suggests that as time of contraction increases, so will the amount of force generated

34
Q

Power is rate of work (force x _____) performed over time

A

Power is rate of work (force x distance) performed over time

35
Q

When task performed over shorter time interval, (less/more) power can be generated

A

When task performed over shorter time interval, more power can be generated

36
Q

Power defined as ______

A

power defined as joules

37
Q

In majority of human tendons, the modulus of elasticity is linear, and increased loads create (lesser/greater) elongation

A

In majority of human tendons, the modulus of elasticity is linear, and increased loads create greater elongation

38
Q

Tendons can tolerate substantial tensile loading but not _______ and ______ forces. Compression, friction and shearing of tendon is frequently seen at tendon’s bony insertion

A

Tendons can tolerate substantial tensile loading but not (compressive) and (torsional) forces. Compression, friction and shearing of tendon is frequently seen at tendon’s bony insertion

39
Q

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses ______ and _______ to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

A

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses (stored energy) and (momentum) to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

40
Q

The __________ _______ cycle (SSC) is a natural type of muscle function derived from combination of eccentric lengthening and concentric shortening of muscles

A

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is a natural type of muscle function derived from combination of eccentric lengthening and concentric shortening of muscles

41
Q

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)relies on a sequence of complex tissue interactions with _______, _______, and _______ elements of involvement.

A

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)relies on a sequence of complex tissue interactions with mechanical, metabolic, and neural elements of involvement.

42
Q

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses ______ energy and ________ to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

A

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses stored energy and momentum to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

43
Q

Assessment of joint motion is typically done in the _____ packed position to avoid confounding variables of restriction.

A

Assessment of joint motion is typically done in the open packed position to avoid confounding variables of restriction.

44
Q

______ and _______ activities evaluate the role and possible tolerance of the specific MTU for a given task and have the added benefit of putting the MTU into the context of the function.

A

Dynamic and functional activities evaluate the role and possible tolerance of the specific MTU for a given task and have the added benefit of putting the MTU into the context of the function.

45
Q

Clinical methods of identifying Tissue Tolerance and capacity (3):

A

Clinical methods of identifying Tissue Tolerance and capacity (3):

  • Muscle tendon mobility (flexibility)
  • Muscle performance (test as will be used)
  • Dynamic/functional movements
46
Q

If calcaneus overly (inverts/everts), it may cause excessive torsional and compressive strain on the Achilles tendon

A

If calcaneus overly everts, it may cause excessive torsional and compressive strain on the Achilles tendon, which controls force primarily in sagittal rather than frontal or transverse planes. Over thousands of strides, this “wringing” effect may overload the tendon, which is generally avascular.

47
Q

During running - ankle PF will

  • eccentrically:
  • concentric:
A

During running - ankle PF will

  • eccentrically control body’s return to ground
  • concentric action for push off
48
Q

The diagnosis of tendinitis is often incorrect, due to absence of true inflammatory ________ and _______. This can lead to over use of medications.

A

The diagnosis of tendinitis is often incorrect, due to absence of true inflammatory markers and mediators. This can lead to over use of medications.

49
Q

Acute phase of tissue injury, inflammatory ______ contribute to sensitization of various peripheral structures.

A

Acute phase of tissue injury, inflammatory mediators contribute to sensitization of various peripheral structures.

50
Q

_________: loss of muscle tissue due to aging

A

Sarcopenia: loss of muscle tissue due to aging

51
Q

: Maybe responsible for ~10% decline in peak strength per decade after age 60 with greater rate of decline after 75

A

Sarcopenia: Maybe responsible for ~10% decline in peak strength per decade after age 60 with greater rate of decline after 75

52
Q

What three things can expedite the rate of muscle degeneration

A

Sedentary lifestyle, injury, disease can expedite the rate of muscle degeneration

53
Q

3 possible reasons why deep friction massage is beneficial

A

Deep friction massage - possible benefits
• Micro-inflammatory response
• Disrupting abnormal collagen cross-linkage
• Increasing local blood flow
Subsequently allowing a pathological muscle/tendon tissue to have an opportunity to heal

Area: Human anatomy and physiology (1 decks)

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