Muscle Tendon Unit

Question 1

Muscle contractile proteins

Answer 1

Actin and myosin

Question 2

Muscle noncontractile proteins

Answer 2

titin and desmin

Question 3

Contractile + non-contractile muscle proteins=

Answer 3

myofilament

Question 4

Many myofilaments=

Answer 4

myofibrils

Question 5

Group of myofibrils=

Answer 5

muscle fiber

Question 6

Group of myofibrils=

Answer 6

muscle fiber

Question 7

single muscle fiber is surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue called the

Answer 7

endomysium

Question 8

Numerous muscle fibers, grouped together in a parallel alignment, form a

Answer 8

muscle fascide

Question 9

the muscle fascide is surrounded by a thicker connective tissue called

Answer 9

perimysium

Question 10

A muscle belly is a collection of muscle fascicles, and is surrounded by an

Answer 10

epimysium

Question 11

a motor unit consists of two things

Answer 11

1) single motor neuron 2)all of its innervated muscle fibers

Question 12

Fine motor skills - (smaller/larger) number of muscle fibers per motor neuron

Answer 12

smaller

Question 13

______ are the cells primarily responsible for tendon metabolism

Answer 13

Tenocytes

Question 14

______balance the production and destruction of the extracellular matrix of the tendon

Answer 14

Tenocytes

Question 15

______ tissue contributes to the ability of a tendon to withstand large tensile forces

Answer 15

collagenous

Question 16

_____allows for some mechanical deformation and compliance to avoid disruption

Answer 16

elastin

Question 17

Collagen type ___ is the predominant fiber type in tendons and is synthesized in response to mechanical loading by tenocyte activity

Answer 17

Type 1

Question 18

Muscle can be up to ___% body weight

Answer 18

50%

Tissue tolerance class

Question 19

Tendon makeup

__% cellular material

__% extracellular matrix (ECM)

Answer 19

Tendon makeup

20% cellular material

80% extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 20

Extracellular matrix (ECM) 
\_\_% to \_\_% of ECM is water

Answer 20

Extracellular matrix (ECM) 
55-70% water 

Remaining is primarily solids - mostly collagen but also proteoglycans, elastin and other proteins
(tissue tolerance class)

Question 21

Blood vessels represent __%-___% of ECM

Answer 21

Blood vessels represent 1-2% of ECM

Question 22

True or false:

Synovial fluid within tendon sheeth flushes the tendon – providing lubrication and enhanced gliding

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Tendon vascular nutrition is supplied by three areas

Answer 23

Supplied by blood vessels from perimysium, periosteal insertion and paratenon (tendon sheeth)

Question 24

Amount of blood supply depends on a number of factors such as

Answer 24

Anatomical location

Morphology

Previous injury

Activity levels

Question 25

True or False: Neural innervation is limited – small branches of nerve fibers that penetrate epitenon, rarely terminating within the tendon itself

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Tendon tissue orientation at MTJ is unique - orientated in _____directional

Answer 26

Tendon tissue orientation at MTJ is unique - orientated in multidirectional manner

Question 27

Physiologic _____ ______ area + _____ angle of the muscle affect the amount of force transmitted through the tendon to the bone

Answer 27

Physiologic cross sectional area + pennation angle of the muscle affect the amount of force transmitted through the tendon to the bone

Question 28

_________ or __________ is where skeletal muscles and collagenous tendon tissue meet to create an MTU (muscle tendon unit)

Answer 28

Myotentendious or musculotendinous junction (MTJ is where skeletal muscl and collagenous tendon tissue meet to create an MTU (muscle tendon unit)

Question 29

Generally, pennanted muscles can create (lesser/greater) force than fusiform muscles with similar volume

Answer 29

Generally, pennanted muscles can create greater force than fusiform muscles with similar volume

Question 30

Muscles tend to generate the most active force in a _____ range

Answer 30

Muscles tend to generate the most active force in a mid range

Question 31

Shortened or elongated muscles cause alterations in actin-myosin overlap at the sarcomere and are thought to (increase/reduce) the creation of active tension

Answer 31

Shortened or elongated muscles cause alterations in actin-myosin overlap at the sarcomere and are thought to reduce the creation of active tension

Question 32

(Eccentric/Concentric) muscle contractions allow control of greater loads

Answer 32

Eccentric muscle contractions allow control of greater loads

Question 33

Force-time relationship suggests that as time of contraction (decreases/increases), so will the amount of force generated

Answer 33

Force-time relationship suggests that as time of contraction increases, so will the amount of force generated

Question 34

Power is rate of work (force x _____) performed over time

Answer 34

Power is rate of work (force x distance) performed over time

Question 35

When task performed over shorter time interval, (less/more) power can be generated

Answer 35

When task performed over shorter time interval, more power can be generated

Question 36

Power defined as ______

Answer 36

power defined as joules

Question 37

In majority of human tendons, the modulus of elasticity is linear, and increased loads create (lesser/greater) elongation

Answer 37

In majority of human tendons, the modulus of elasticity is linear, and increased loads create greater elongation

Question 38

Tendons can tolerate substantial tensile loading but not _______ and ______ forces. Compression, friction and shearing of tendon is frequently seen at tendon's bony insertion

Answer 38

Tendons can tolerate substantial tensile loading but not (compressive) and (torsional) forces. Compression, friction and shearing of tendon is frequently seen at tendon's bony insertion

Question 39

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses ______ and _______ to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

Answer 39

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses (stored energy) and (momentum) to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

Question 40

The __________ _______ cycle (SSC) is a natural type of muscle function derived from combination of eccentric lengthening and concentric shortening of muscles

Answer 40

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) is a natural type of muscle function derived from combination of eccentric lengthening and concentric shortening of muscles

Question 41

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)relies on a sequence of complex tissue interactions with _______, _______, and _______ elements of involvement.

Answer 41

The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)relies on a sequence of complex tissue interactions with mechanical, metabolic, and neural elements of involvement.

Question 42

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses ______ energy and ________ to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

Answer 42

While muscle function and human movement are often described in terms of isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, the human body actually uses stored energy and momentum to accomplish many functional repetitive movements.

Question 43

Assessment of joint motion is typically done in the _____ packed position to avoid confounding variables of restriction.

Answer 43

Assessment of joint motion is typically done in the open packed position to avoid confounding variables of restriction.

Question 44

______ and _______ activities evaluate the role and possible tolerance of the specific MTU for a given task and have the added benefit of putting the MTU into the context of the function.

Answer 44

Dynamic and functional activities evaluate the role and possible tolerance of the specific MTU for a given task and have the added benefit of putting the MTU into the context of the function.

Question 45

Clinical methods of identifying Tissue Tolerance and capacity (3):

Answer 45

Clinical methods of identifying Tissue Tolerance and capacity (3): * Muscle tendon mobility (flexibility) * Muscle performance (test as will be used) * Dynamic/functional movements

Question 46

If calcaneus overly (inverts/everts), it may cause excessive torsional and compressive strain on the Achilles tendon

Answer 46

If calcaneus overly everts, it may cause excessive torsional and compressive strain on the Achilles tendon, which controls force primarily in sagittal rather than frontal or transverse planes. Over thousands of strides, this "wringing" effect may overload the tendon, which is generally avascular.

Question 47

During running - ankle PF will * eccentrically: * concentric:

Answer 47

During running - ankle PF will * eccentrically control body's return to ground * concentric action for push off

Question 48

The diagnosis of tendinitis is often incorrect, due to absence of true inflammatory ________ and _______. This can lead to over use of medications.

Answer 48

The diagnosis of tendinitis is often incorrect, due to absence of true inflammatory markers and mediators. This can lead to over use of medications.

Question 49

Acute phase of tissue injury, inflammatory ______ contribute to sensitization of various peripheral structures.

Answer 49

Acute phase of tissue injury, inflammatory mediators contribute to sensitization of various peripheral structures.

Question 50

_________: loss of muscle tissue due to aging

Answer 50

Sarcopenia: loss of muscle tissue due to aging

Question 51

: Maybe responsible for ~10% decline in peak strength per decade after age 60 with greater rate of decline after 75

Answer 51

Sarcopenia: Maybe responsible for ~10% decline in peak strength per decade after age 60 with greater rate of decline after 75

Question 52

What three things can expedite the rate of muscle degeneration

Answer 52

Sedentary lifestyle, injury, disease can expedite the rate of muscle degeneration

Question 53

3 possible reasons why deep friction massage is beneficial

Answer 53

Deep friction massage - possible benefits • Micro-inflammatory response • Disrupting abnormal collagen cross-linkage • Increasing local blood flow Subsequently allowing a pathological muscle/tendon tissue to have an opportunity to heal