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Muscle System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Muscle Cell Functions

5 Different Types

A

Movement
Maintaining Posture and Body Position
Stabilizing Joints
Thermoregulation
Protect Internal Organs

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2
Q

Name the Muscle Cell Characteristics

5 Different Types

A
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of Muscle

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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4
Q

What are Muscles Cells Capable Of

2 Different Things

A
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5
Q

Explain How Cardiac Muscle Looks and How It Is Linked

A
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6
Q

This Is What The Cardiac Muscle Look Like

Recognize How It Looks and The Key Markers

A
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7
Q

Explain How Smooth Muscle Looks

A
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8
Q

This Is How Smooth Muscle Looks

A
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9
Q

Explain Skeletal Muscle

A
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10
Q

Here Are The 3 Types of Muscle Cells

A
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11
Q

What Are The 4 Types of Connective Tissue of The Muscles?

A
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12
Q

Know This Picture

A
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13
Q

What Are The 2 Types of Muscle Attachments?

A
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14
Q

What Do Muscle Fibers Look Like

A
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15
Q

What Is Sarcolemma?

A
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16
Q

What Do Muscle Fibers Consist Of?

3 Things

A
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17
Q

Know This Picture

A
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18
Q

What Is Myosin?

A
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19
Q

What Is Actin?

A
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20
Q

KNOW THIS CARD

A
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21
Q

WHAT ARE THE CONTRACTILE PROTEINS?

2 TYPES

A
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22
Q

WHAT ARE THE REGULATORY PROTEINS?

2 TYPES

A
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23
Q

What makes one sarcomere and which bands alternate light and dark?

A
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24
Q

What Are The “A” and “I” Bands?

A
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25
Q

Know This Picture

A
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26
Q

Know This Picture

A
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27
Q

Explain The Nerve to Muscle Relationship

4 Types

A
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28
Q

What Are The Beginning Events within a Motor Unit

4 Steps

1st Step

A
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29
Q

What Are The Events At The Synaptic Space?

3 Steps

2nd Step

30
Q

What Happens At The Contraction Phase Within Fiber?

4 Steps

3rd Step in Process

31
Q

What Happens At The Relaxation Phase Within Fiber

6 Steps

Final Step

32
Q

What Is A Synapse?

33
Q

What Are The Components of Synapse?

4 Types

34
Q

What Are Electrically Excitable Cells?

35
Q

What Are Action Potentials in Electrically Excitable Cells?

36
Q

Know This Picture

37
Q

What Are The 3 Steps of Excitation?

Think About The 1st Step Towards the NMJ

38
Q

What Is The Action of ACh?

39
Q

What is the Propagation of an Action Potential?

3 Steps

40
Q

What Leads to Contraction?

41
Q

Know This Picture

42
Q

What is Contraction?

Think of the what allows myosin to bind w/actin

43
Q

Explain The PowerStroke

What does the myosin head release? What helps myosin bind with actin?

44
Q

What Is Relaxation?

45
Q

What Happens During Relaxation?

46
Q

What Happens When The Action Potential Resets?

3 Steps

47
Q

Why Does Rigor Mortis Happen?

48
Q

What Happens During Rigor Mortis?

3 Steps

49
Q

What Are The 2 Types of Length-Tension Relationship?

50
Q

What Is A Muscle Twitch?

51
Q

What Are The 2 Ways To Increase Intensity?

52
Q

What Is Isometric Contraction?

53
Q

What Is Isotonic Contraction?

54
Q

What Is The Difference between Concentric and Eccentric?

55
Q

What is Anaerobic Fermentation?

56
Q

What is Aerobic Respiration?

57
Q

When Does The Glycogen-Latic Acid System take over?

58
Q

Explain Fatigue

5 Markers

59
Q

What Are The 3 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types?

60
Q

What are Slow Oxidative Fibers?

61
Q

What Are Fast Oxidative Fibers?

62
Q

What Are Fast Glycolytic Fibers?

63
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

64
Q

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

65
Q

What is Botulinim Toxin?

66
Q

What is Rhabdomyolysis?

67
Q

What is Compartment Syndrome?

68
Q

Compare and Contrast the Structural Characteristics of the 3 different types of muscular tissue.

Short Answer Question

A

Both cardiac and skeleton muscle tissues are striated and smooth muscle is not. Skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled and autonomic, while both cardiac and smooth muscle tissues are involuntary and autorhythmic. Cardiac muscle cells usually only have one central nucleus, and are branched. Smooth muscle cells communicate via gap junctions.

69
Q

Chuck has a rotator cuff injury. Which muscles and associated structures are most commonly involved in this type of injury? What sorts of activites commonly cause this injury?

Short Answer Question

A

The tendon of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor make up the rotator cuff. The most commonly injured structure of the rotator cuff is the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle. Any activity involving vigorous circumduction of shoulder can result in a rotor cuff injury. Common examples of activitites that lead to this injury includes throwing baseballs, playing racket sports, and swimming.

70
Q

Briefly describe 4 main benefits of stretching before exercising?

Short Answer Question

A

Stretching can improve physical performance by increasing joint flexibility allowing the joint to move through a greater range of motion. Stretching decreases risk of injury by decreasing resistance in various soft tissues so there is less of a chance of exceeding maximum tissue extensibility during activity. Stretching can reduce some of the muscle soreness that result after exercise. Stretching can help realign soft tissuses to improve and maintain good posture.

71
Q

Know This Chart

Difference in Muscle Tissue

A

Smooth - Non-Striated, 1 nucleus, Involuntary/Autonomic, continuous contractions
Cardiac - Striated, 1-2 nuclei, Involuntary/Autonomic, forceful contractions
Skeletal - Striated, Multinucleated, Voluntary/Somatic, autorythmic, forceful contractions

72
Q

What Are The 4 muscles and surrounding tendons of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus - located above shoulder, helps raise arm
Infraspinatus - located below the suprasinatus, helps rotate the arm outward
teres minor - located below the infraspinatus, helps rotate the arm outward
Subscapularis - located on the front of the shoulder blade, helps rotate the arm inward

Bio181 (5 decks)

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