Muscle Structure & Function

Question 1

What are the three muscle types?

Answer 1

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 2

Describe the activity of skeletal muscles.

Answer 2

Strong, quick, discontinuous voluntary contraction

Question 3

Describe the activity of cardiac muscle

Answer 3

Strong, quick, CONTINUOUS INVOLUNTARY contraction

Question 4

Describe the activity of smooth muscle

Answer 4

Weak, slow, involuntary contraction

Question 5

Which muscle is the only voluntary type?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle

Question 6

Which muscle is the only non-striated type?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle

Question 7

Which among the three muscle types are fusiform, branched, and cylindrical respectively?

Answer 7

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Question 8

Which muscle is the only multinucleated type while others have single nucleus?

Answer 8

Skeletal

Question 9

What are the functions of skeletal muscles?

Answer 9

• produce movement
• maintain body posture
• stabilizes joints
• support and protect visceral organs
• assist in venous return of blood to the heart (calf)
• role in thermogenesis (heat generation) e.g. shivering to return to normal body temp and achieve homeostasis

Question 10

What characteristic of muscle tissue refers to the ability to RESPOND to stimulation? Give electrical and mechanical examples.

Answer 10

IRRITABILITY / EXCITABILITY

Electrical: Action potential
Mechanical: pressure, tension, stretch

Question 11

What characteristic of muscle tissue refers to the ability of muscle to GENERATE TENSION and SHORTEN in response to stimulation?

Answer 11

Contractility

Question 12

What characteristic of muscle tissue refers to the ability of the muscle to LENGTHEN or become STRETCHED?

Answer 12

Extensibility

Question 13

What characteristic of muscle tissue refers to the ability of muscle to return to its ORIGINAL RESTING LENGTH after being stretched?

Answer 13

Elasticity

Question 14

Under elasticity, what refers to from muscle membranes (sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, perimysium, epimysium, etc)

Answer 14

Parallel Elastic Component

Question 15

Under elasticity what refers to found in tendons (spring during stretch)

Answer 15

Series Elastic Component

Question 16

Describe the organization and connective tissue of muscle / tendon?

Answer 16

Periosteum covers the bone, extends to become tendon, fascia thick covering, skeletal muscle, epimysium, perimysium, fasciculus, endomysium, muscle fiber (cell)

> striations, nuclei, sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, myofibrils, myofilaments

Question 17

Describe the organization and connective tissue?

Answer 17

Epimysium (collagen-covers the muscle), perimysium (contains bundles of muscle fibers), endomysium (separates muscle fibers), muscle fiber (contraction), sarcolemma (cell boundary), myofibrils (contraction), capillaries (nurtirion)

Question 18

What are the parts of a muscle fiber / muscle cell?