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Theraputic Exercise > Muscle Strengthening > Flashcards

Muscle Strengthening Flashcards

0
Q

What is the definition of muscle performance?

A

Muscle performance is the ability do a muscle to do work. (Force x distance)

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1
Q

What are the key elements of muscle performance?

A

The key elements to muscle performance are strength, power and endurance.

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2
Q

Muscle performance is

A

A complex component of functional movement that is influenced by all body systems.

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3
Q

What is strength? (In regards to muscle strengthening)

A

Strength is the ability of contractile tissue to produce tension and force based on the demand placed on the muscle.

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4
Q

What is functional strength?

A

Functional strength is particularly important during rehab. Functional strength is the ability of the neuromuscular system to produce, reduce or control forces imposed during functional activities.

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5
Q

What is Anatomical strength?

A

Anatomical strength is more of an aesthetic function. It involves activities aimed at strengthing a sing group of muscles for the look of it.

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6
Q

In regards to muscle strengthening what is power?

A

In regards to muscle strengthening power is the work produced by the muscle, related to the strength and speed of movement. (Force x distance/time = rate of performing work)

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7
Q

What is involved or indicated in power training?

A

Explosive movements require strength and speed. Muscle strength is required to develop muscle power. The faster he contraction or movement the greater the power.

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8
Q

What is endurance?

A

Endurance is the ability to perform low intensity, repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time.

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9
Q

What is involved or indicated for endurance training?

A

To train for endurance you will have the muscle work a light load for many repetitions or sustain a contraction for an extended period of time. For endurance training you might suggest 15-20 reps.

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10
Q

Co ordination is an important aspect of strength training. What is it?

A

Co ordination is the ability to use the correct muscle or muscle group with the appropriate amount of force or intensity.

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11
Q

What does the mode of exercise refer to?

A

The mode of exercise refers to the form of exercise, the type of contraction that occurs and he manner in which it is carried out.

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12
Q

What should you keep in mind when choosing a mode of exercise?

A

The mode of exercise should resemble the desired outcome or the goal of rehab. Ex- endurance training if trying to build endurance.

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13
Q

What is the overload principle of training?

A

The overload principle of muscle training states that if a muscle performance is to improve, a load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied.

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14
Q

How is the overload principle applied in strength training?

A

The overload principle is applied to strength training with progressive loading of the muscle by manipulating the intensity or volume of exercise.

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15
Q

How is the overload principle applied to endurance training?

A

The overload principle is applied in endurance training by placing emphasis on the time a muscle contraction is sustained or the number of repetitions that are performed.

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16
Q

What is the SAID principle?

A

SAID - specific adaptation to imposed demands.

You want to create an exercise prescription that practices the actual goal of the therapeutic exercise.

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17
Q

Specificity of training means what?

A

If possible the exercise incorporated should mimic the anticipated function.

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18
Q

What is resistance training?

A

Resistance training is any form of active exercise in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force; applied manually or mechanically. It is an important part of rehabilitation and as a part of a conditioning program.

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19
Q

Name a benefit of resistance training,

A

*enhanced muscle performance! restoration! improvement or maintenance of muscle strength power and endurance.

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20
Q

Name a benefit of resistance training.

A

Enhanced feeling of well being.

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21
Q

Name a benefit of resistance training.

A

Increased strength of connective tissues: tendons, ligaments, intramuscular connective tissue.

22
Q

Name a benefit of resistance training.

A

Greater bone density/ less demineralization.

23
Q

Name a benefit of resistance training.

A

Improved ROM

24
Q

Name a benefit of resistance training.

A

Reduced risk of soft tissue injury.

25
Q

Name a goal or indication for resistance training.

A

Increases strength. This occurs by loading a contracting muscle so that tension will develop to hypertrophy and recruit muscle fibers.

26
Q

Name an indication or goal for resistance training.

A

Increases muscular endurance. This occurs by low intensity, mild resistance exercise over a prolonged period of time.

27
Q

Name a goal or indication for resistance training.

A

Increases power. Power improves when resistance exercise is performed over a specific period of time. Example- high loads/low repetitions or low loads/high repetitions.

28
Q

What are some contra-indications for resistance training?

A

Pain, inflammation, severe cardiopulmonary disease.

29
Q

What are some precautions for resistance training?

A

You need a comfortable temperature.
There should be no pain.
Do not begin the exercise at a maximum resistance.
Avoid overtraining and overwork.
Be especially careful with children, elderly and osteoporotic patients.

30
Q

What are some precautions for resistance training.

A

Do not use resistance across an unstable joint distal to an incompletely healed fracture.
Have the patient avoid holding their breath. Have them breathe out during exertion.
Have the patient avoid performing the valsalva manuver.

31
Q

What are some precautions for resistance training?

A

Avoid ballistic movements.
Prevent incorrect or substitute motions by adequate stabilization and an appropriate level of resistance.
Avoid exercises that place unnecessary stress on the back.
Be aware of medications and the effect of altered response.
Discontinue if patient experiences pain, dizzinessl or shortness of breath.

32
Q

What are the types of muscle contractions?

A

Isometric, isotonic and isokinetic.

33
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

Isometric contraction is a static contraction. The muscle contracts with no visible movement.

34
Q

How can an isometric contraction be achieved?

A

Contracting against resistance will cause the muscle to fire with no movement of the joint or resulting shortening of the muscle.

35
Q

When is isometric contraction best used?

A

Isometric contraction is best used in the beginning stages of rehabilitation.

36
Q

Name advantages of isometric contraction in strength building exercises.

A

There is no joint motion and is therefore great for early rehab. It improves static strength, it delays atrophy after immobilization, it may decrease inflammation, neural association is maintained, it is fast, cheap and easy.

37
Q

What is muscle setting?

A

Muscle setting is a form of isometrics against minimal resistance.
There is no strength gain, applied force is less than 70%, it can help to realign muscle fibers, it helps to maintain the brain/muscle connection.

38
Q

What is isotonic contraction?

A

Isotonic contraction, or dynamic contraction is the concentric shortening and/or essential lengthening of a muscle.

39
Q

What are some advantages of isotonic contraction in muscle strengthening exercises?

A

Isotonic contraction develops dynamic strength, endurance and power.
*concentric contraction inappropriate for later stage strengthening programs while eccentric contraction is appropriate for both early and late stage programs.

40
Q

Metabolic energy is consumed by

A

Concentric contractions.

41
Q

What is a disadvantage of isotonic contraction strengthening exercises?

A

There is disadvantage in the fact that the muscle is loaded only I to the weakest point in the range, form and technique need to be correct to prevent trauma.

42
Q

What is isokinetic contraction?

A

Isokinetic contraction is a dynamic exercise where resistance is offered by a machine in direct proportion to the force offered by the patient through the range of motion. The resistance varies while the velocity remains the same.

43
Q

What does the term biomechanics refer to?

A

Biomechanics is the application of mechanics to the living body. This May include static, (at rest), or dynamic, (the body in motion)

44
Q

What does the term ergonomics refer to?

A

Ergonomics is the applied science that seeks to fit the job to the worker through the evaluation and design of the work environment, in relation to,human characteristics and interaction in the work place.

45
Q

What does proprioception mean?

A

Proprioception is the awareness of posture, movement and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of position, weight and resistance of objects in relation to the body.

46
Q

What is aerobic exercise?

A

Aerobic exercise refers to endurance. Aerobic exercise indicate and benefit the cardiovascular system.

47
Q

What is anaerobic exercise?

A

Anaerobic exercise refers to strength. Anaerobic exercise indicates and benefits strength and power and has to so with muscle.

48
Q

What are open chain exercises?

A

Open chain exercise involve motions in which the distal segment (hand or foot) is free to move without necessarily causing simultaneous motions at adjacent joints.

49
Q

What are closed chain exercises?

A

Closed chain exercises involve motions in which the body moves on a distal segment that is fixed or stabilized on a support surface. Movement of one joint causes simultaneous motions at distal as well as proximal joints in a relatively predictable manner. Primarily performed in weight bearing positions.

50
Q

What is the valsalva maneuver?

A

The valsalva maneuver is defined as an expiratory effort against a closed glottis and contraction of the abdominal muscles. It is the act of bearing down. It increases intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressures. At risk individuals might pass out when unintentionally performing this maneuver.

51
Q

What is overtraining?

A

Overtraining occurs when the volume and intensity of an individual’s exercise exceeds their recovery capacity. They cease making progress and can even begin to lose strength and fitness. This can occur when people exercise constantly or are always on the go. The body needs to rest.

52
Q

What is overwork?

A

Overwork refers to the progressive deterioration of strength in muscles already weakened by non-progressive neuromuscular disease.

53
Q

What are the principles of manual therapist applied resistance in a dynamic or static manner throughout the entire pain-free range of motion.

A
  • establish baseline of ROM and strength

- explain plan and proc

Theraputic Exercise (4 decks)

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