Muscle Physiology (Part 2)

Question 1

1. Main site for methane production houses bacteria, Archaea, and viruses

Answer 1

Rumen

Question 2

2. Factors affecting the microbial diversity in sheep’s rumen

Answer 2

a. age
b. breed
c. well-being
d. feeds and antibiotics

Question 3

These are raw materials for methane synthesis

Answer 3

a. hydrogen
b. CO2
c. volatile fatty acids

Question 4

Factors affecting the ruminal fermentation of sheep

Answer 4

a. indices of diets
b. protein
c. energy levels

Question 5

What is the role of Archaea in methane production in sheep’s rumen?

Answer 5

maintain rumen pressure and ph balance of methane production

Question 6

The relationship of Prevotella and protein levels in diets

Answer 6

Answer: linearly increasing

Question 7

The compounds that aid in the starch degradation

Answer 7

a. acetic acid
b. succinic acid

Question 8

The relationship of carbohydrate-degrading bacteria with starch diets and ADF and NDF

Answer 8

Starch diets: decreased linearly
ADF and NDF: increased linearly

Question 9

Most important nutrient factor in bacterial diversity

Answer 9

Crude protein

Question 10

The starch diet relationship with bacterial diversity

Answer 10

Answer: negative correlation than ADF and NDF

Question 11

Comparison of group L, H, M in terms of rumen microbiota

Answer 11

GROUP L: high CP, starch content and low NDF
GROUP H: high NDF and ADF contents and low CP and starch contents
GROUP M: concentrated in the regions with intermediate nutrient levels

Question 12

The relationship of Acetic acid mode in the rumen fermentation of sheep

Answer 12

Increases Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and NDF ( neutral detergent fiber)

Question 13

A cellulolytic bacterium, increases in fiber

Answer 13

Ruminicoccus

Question 14

The dominant phylum in Group L

Answer 14

Bacteriodes

Question 15

Important nutrient factor as carbon resources for self-replication and energy

Answer 15

ADF, NDF, starch

Question 16

The relationship of ether extract and acid detergent fiber in rumen bacteria

Answer 16

no significant effects on the changes of the rumen bacteria

Question 17

Relationship of fiber Concentration to peak concentration of methane

Answer 17

Lower methane production and delayed peak methane production

Question 18

Raw materials for starch degradation

Answer 18

acetic acid and succinic acid

Question 19

The relationship between starch concentration and bacterial diversity

Answer 19

Higher starch concentration, lower bacterial diversity

Question 20

Relationship of Butyvibro and pseudobutyvibrio and starch and NDF and ADF diet

Answer 20

Answer: decreased linearly when these diets are increased