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Muscle System > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the area where the neuron connects with the muscle?

A

Muscular Junction

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2
Q

What channels are found on the sarcolemma by the synaptic cleft?

A

Chemically gated Na+ channels

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3
Q

What neurotransmitter is used when activating a muscle?

A

Acetylcholine

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4
Q

What happens when the Na+ channels are open on the sarcolemma?

A

The positive charge will spread along the membrane of the muscle through the T-tubules and activate voltage gated Ca+ channels

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5
Q

Whats the name of the cell membrane of muscle fibers?

A

Sarcolemma

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6
Q

What are the three parts of thin filaments?

A
  • Troponin- Tropomyosin- Actin
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7
Q

What are extensions of the sarcolemma that transmit the impulse to penetrate the muscle fiber?

A

T-tubule

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8
Q

What are the structures on a muscle fiber that are used to store Ca+?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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9
Q

When the electrical energy is traveling through the T-tubule it stimulates the release of what?

A

Ca+ through voltage gated Ca+ channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

What protein does Ca+ bind to on the thin filament?

A

Troponin

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11
Q

What happens when Ca+ is bound to troponin?

A

Troponin reorients itself while moving tropomyosin with it, thus exposing the active sites of actin

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12
Q

What is troponin attached with?

A

Tropomyosin

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13
Q

What does tropomyosin cover during rest?

A

Active site on actin

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14
Q

What protein is the thick filament made of?

A

Myosin

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15
Q

What are the golf club shaped heads called on thick filament?

A

Myosin Head

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16
Q

What is needed in order for myosin to attach to actin active sites?

A

ATP

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17
Q

What two things is ATP used for during muscle contraction?

A
  • Move myosin head- Detach myosin head from actin active sites
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18
Q

How does a muscle fiber contract? Part or all of the fiber?

A

Maximally (the entire fiber must contract)

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19
Q

What is a the basic unit of striated muscle tissue?

A

Sarcomere

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20
Q

In what order is muscle organized?

A
  • Epimysium (Muscle)- Perimysium (Fascicle)- Endomysium (Muscle Fiber)
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21
Q

Where are the think filaments and thin filaments attached at?

A

Z-lines

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22
Q

How is muscle attached to bone?

A

Tendons (CT structures)

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23
Q

What is another term for a muscle cell?

A

Muscle Fiber

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24
Q

What does a muscle fiber consist of?

A

Several myofibrils

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25
Q

What is responsible for the striated appearance of muscle tissue?

A

The thin and thick filaments (Contractile proteins) that overlap

26
Q

What are the contractile proteins?

A
  • Actin (Thin Filament)- Myosin (Thick Filament)
27
Q

What are the three items necessary for muscle contraction?

A
  • Electrical Signal- Calcium- ATP
28
Q

What is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (ACh)?

A

Acetycholinesterase

29
Q

What is happening when we relax an active muscle fiber?

A

Ca+ comes off the troponin, where the Ca+ is pumped (Ca+ pump) back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

What are the spring like proteins found in sarcomere?

A

Elastic Filament (Titin)

31
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

Excess oxygen for the muscle to use for aerobic respiration

32
Q

What is the protein that aids in the supply of oxygen to the muscle?

A

Myoglobin

33
Q

What type of fibers are slow twitch fibers?

A

Type I fibers

34
Q

What type of fibers are fast twitch fibers?

A

Type II fibers

35
Q

What are the characteristics of Type I fibers?

A
  • Small Diameter- Endurance- Red Color- Dark Spots
36
Q

What are the characteristics of Type II fibers?

A
  • Large Diameter- Fatigue Easily- Strength- Light Color
37
Q

What is the term for all of the muscle fibers controlled by a single neuron?

A

Motor unit

38
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

All of the muscle fibers controlled by a single neuron

39
Q

What is the resting tension in a muscle called?

A

Muscle Tone

40
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

The resting tension in a muscle

41
Q

What does the strength of a contraction depend on?

A

The number of motor units recruited

42
Q

What is glycogen?

A

polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage

43
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A
  • Liver- Skeletal Muscle
44
Q

What does creatine store?

A

Phosphates

45
Q

What is the product of used ATP?

A

ADP

46
Q

What do we do with ADP to reenergize it?

A

Creatine kinase can transfer a phosphate allowing ADP to become ATP and the excess is creatine

47
Q

What are the properties of Muscle Cells?

A
  • Contractility- Excitability- Conductivity- Extensibility- Elasticity
48
Q

What is the plasma membrane of the muscle cell?

A

Sarcolemma

49
Q

What is the liquid portion of the cell?

A

Sarcoplasma

50
Q

What is significant about the sarcolemma?

A

It is capable of conducting electrical impulses

51
Q

What are extensions of the sarcolemma that penetrate the muscle fiber?

A

T-Tubules

52
Q

What is a globular protein with an active site on it?

A

Actin

53
Q

What component binds calcium during contraction?

A

Troponin

54
Q

What covers the active site on actin during periods of rest?

A

Tropomyosin

55
Q

What are gold club shaped proteins that bind to the active sites on actin when they are exposed?

A

Myosin

56
Q

What are the four functional groups of muscle?

A
  • Agonist- Antagonist- Synergist- Fixator
57
Q

(Function) - Agonist

A

Prime mover

58
Q

(Function) - Antagonist

A

Opposes

59
Q

(Function) - Synergist

A

Helper

60
Q

(Function) - Fixator

A

Stabilizes a bone

61
Q

What is the bone called that remains stationary during a contraction?

A

Origin

62
Q

What is the bone called that moves during a contraction?

A

Insertion

Muscle System (2 decks)

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