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Anatomy > Muscle OIA > Flashcards

Muscle OIA Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

A 
Trapezius 
Latissimus dorsi 
Serratus anterior 
Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids (major and minor)
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2
Q

Trapezius

A

O Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all Thoracic vertebrae
I spine and acromion of scapula, lateral clavicle
A Extends, elevates, rotates and retracts scapula; secondary: extends head

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3
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

O Via thoracolumbar fascia, the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest
I intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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4
Q

Serratus anterior

A

O Ribs 1-8
I anterior aspect of medial (vertebral) border of scapula
A Protracts and rotates scapula superiorly and laterally (“boxer’s muscle”)

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5
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

O ribs 3,4,5
I coracoid process of scapula
A Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

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6
Q

Rhomboids (major and minor)

A

O spinous process of C7-T5
I medial border of scapula
A Stabilize scapula

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7
Q

Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: “ C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive”)

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8
Q

External intercostals

A

A: raises ribs for inspiration

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9
Q

Internal intercostals

A

A: Depresses ribs for forced expiration

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10
Q

Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: “ C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive”)

A

O cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae
I central tendon
A Prime muscle of inspiration (flattens on contraction)

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11
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

A 
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatus 
Subscapularis 
Teres Major 
Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus)
Pectoralis major 
Deltoid
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12
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O supraspinous fossa of scapula
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Abducts and stabilizes humerus

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13
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O infraspinous fossa
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A

O subscapular fossa of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A medial rotation of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

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15
Q

Teres Major

A

O Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A synergist to latissimus dorsi (extends, adducts and medially rotates arm)

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16
Q

Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus)

A

O lateral border of scapula
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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17
Q

Pectoralis major

A

O clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm

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18
Q

Deltoid

A

O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A Abducts arm

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19
Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis

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20
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
I radial tuberosity
A Flexes elbow, supinates forearm;

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21
Q

Brachialis

A

O distal anterior humerus
I coronoid process of ulna
A Flexes forearm

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22
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior humerus
I olecranon process of the ulna
A Extends forearm

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23
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O lateral supracondylar ridge
I styloid process of radius
A Flexes forearm

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24
Q

Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

A

Special note: Flexor and extensor retinaculum:
These are not muscles, rather, connective tissue straps around wrist (“retainers”). These “wrist bands” keep tendons from bulging outward when their respective muscles are contracted.
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis)
Extensor digitorum
extensor “digiti” minimi (“lateralis” in cat)
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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25
Q

Pronator teres

Anterior compartment

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I lateral radius
A Pronates and flexes forearm

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26
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

Anterior compartment

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals- tendon easily seen to guide taking pulse of radial artery
A Flexes wrist; abducts hand

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27
Q 
Palmaris longus
(Anterior compartment)
A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I palmar aponeurosis
A Tenses skin and fascia of palm; weak flexor of wrist

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28
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Anterior compartment

A

O medial epicondyle of humerus
I Pisiform and hamate and fith metacarpal
A flexes wrist, adducts hand

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29
Q

Extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis)

Posterior compartment

A

O Supracondylar ridge and Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
A Extends and abducts wrist

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30
Q

Extensor digitorum

Posterior compartment

A

O lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A Extends fingers and wrist, abducts fingers

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31
Q

extensor “digiti” minimi (“lateralis” in cat)

Posterior compartment

A

A extends 5th digit

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32
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Posterior compartment

A

O lateral epicondyle of humerus
I 5th metacarpal
A Extends and adducts wrist

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33
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

deep muscle

A

A Abducts and extends thumb

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34
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

deep muscle

A

A Extends thumb

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35
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

deep muscle

A

A extends thumb

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36
Q

Eye- 6 extrinsic eye muscles (move eyeball)

all originate at the “annular ring”

A 
Superior rectus 
Inferior rectus 
Medial rectus 
Lateral rectus 
Superior oblique 
Inferior oblique
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37
Q

Superior rectus

A

O Annular ring

A Rotates eyeball superiorly and medially (elevates and adducts)

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38
Q

Inferior rectus

A

O Annular ring

A Rotates eyeball inferiorly and medially (depresses and adducts)

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39
Q

Medial rectus

A

O Annular ring

A Rotates eyeball medially (adducts)

40
Q

Lateral rectus

A

O Annular ring

A Rotates eyeball laterally (abducts)

41
Q

Superior oblique

A

O Annular ring

A Rotates eyeball inferiorly and laterally (depresses and abducts)

42
Q

Inferior oblique

A

O Annular ring

A Rotates eyeball superiorly and laterally (elevates and abducts)

43
Q

Muscles of the abdominal wall: trunk movements and compression of abdominal viscera

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

44
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

O pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
A Flexes and rotates trunk

45
Q

External oblique

A

O lower 8 ribs
I linea alba and pubic crest and iliac crest
A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion

Special note: Linea alba :
not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; “white line”

46
Q

Internal oblique

A

O Lumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest
I lower 4 ribs; linea alba; pubic crest
A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion

Special note: Linea alba :
not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; “white line”

47
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

O iliac crest, cartilages of lower 6 ribs
I linea alba and pubic crest
A Compresses abdominal contents

Special note: Linea alba :
not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; “white line”

48
Q

Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression

A

Frontal belly
Occipital belly

Special Note: Epicranius:
Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)

49
Q

Frontal belly

A

A raises eyebrows
Special Note: Epicranius:
Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)

50
Q

Occipital belly

A

A Pulls scalp posteriorly
Special Note: Epicranius:
Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)

51
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Masseter

Temporalis

52
Q

Masseter

A

O zygomatic arch
I angle and ramus of mandible
A Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible

53
Q

Temporalis

A

A Closes jaw

54
Q

Facial muscles of Expression

A 
Zygomaticus (major and minor)
Levator labii superioris
Risorius 
Orbicularis oculi 
Orbicularis oris 
Buccinator
55
Q

Zygomaticus (major and minor)

A

A raises corners of mouth, smiling muscle

56
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

A Raises upper lip

57
Q

Risorius

A

A Draws corner of lip laterally; synergist to zygomaticus

58
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

A Closes eye

59
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

A Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle

60
Q

Buccinator

A

A Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)

61
Q

Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing

A 
Sternothyroid 
Sternohyoid 
Thyrohyoid 
Digastric “two bellies” 
Mylohyoid
62
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O manubrium
I thyroid cartilage
A Pulls larynx and hyoid bone inferiorly (depresses)

63
Q

Sternohyoid

A

O manubrium and clavicle
I hyoid bone
A Depresses hyoid and larynx

64
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O thyroid cartilage
I hyoid
A Depresses hyoid or elevates larynx

65
Q

Digastric “two bellies”

A

O Mandible and mastoid process
I By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
A Open mouth and depress mandible

66
Q

Mylohyoid

A

O Mandible
I Hyoid
A Elevates hyoid

67
Q

Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movements and Trunk Extension

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Erector Spinae- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles

68
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

O manubrium of sternum, clavicle
I mastoid process
A Singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head

69
Q

Erector Spinae- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles

A

A Prime mover of back extension

70
Q

Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the thigh and leg

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Sartorius

71
Q

Psoas major

A

O lumbar vertebrae
I lesser trochanter of the femur
A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk

72
Q

Iliacus

A

O Iliac fossa
I lesser trochanter of the femur
A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk

73
Q

Sartorius (superficial)

A

O anterior superior iliac spine
I tibia
A Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee

74
Q

The Thigh Adductors

A

Adductor longus
Adductor magnus (= “adductor femoris” in cats)
Pectineus
Gracilis

75
Q

Adductor longus

A

O pubis near pubic symphysis
I linea aspera
A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

76
Q

Adductor magnus (= “adductor femoris” in cats)

A

O ischium and pubis
I linea aspera of femur
A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

77
Q

Pectineus

A

O pubis
I posterior femur
A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

78
Q

Gracilis (superficial)

A

O pubis
I medial tibia
A flexes knee and adducts and medial rotates thigh

79
Q

Anterior Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name (composed of 4 muscles)

A 
Rectus femoris 
Vastus lateralis 
Vastus medialis 
Vastus intermedius 
Tensor fasciae latae
80
Q

Rectus femoris (deep to sartorius)

A

O anterior inferior iliac spine
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

81
Q

Vastus lateralis (deep to sartorius)

A

O Greater trochanter
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee

82
Q

Vastus medialis (deep to sartorius)

A

O linea aspera
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee

83
Q

Vastus intermedius (super deep to Vastus medialis, lateralis, and rectus femoris)

A

O proximal femur
I patella and tibial tuberosity
A Extends knee

84
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

O iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
I iliotibial tract-The fascia lata that ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh
A Steadies trunk on thigh

85
Q

Posterior Muscles of Thigh

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

86
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

O ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I gluteal tuberosity of femur
A Major extensor of thigh

87
Q

Gluteus medius

A

O ilium
I greater trochanter of the femur
A Abduction and medial thigh rotation

88
Q

Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings. These are located on posterior thigh and have the same actions.

A

Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris

89
Q

Semimembranosus (deep to gracilis)

A

O ischial tuberosity
I medial condyle of tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee

90
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O ischial tuberosity
I medial aspect of proximal tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee

91
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O ischial tuberosity and femur
I fibula and tibia
A Extends thigh, flexes knee

92
Q

Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe:

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis anterior
Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Special Note: Triceps Surae: -Large superficial muscle- 2 parts; Common insertion: via Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon onto calcaneus (gastrocnemius and soleus).

93
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O medial and lateral condyles of femur
I via achilles tendon onto calcaneus
A plantarflexes foot; flexes lower leg

94
Q

Soleus

A

O head of fibula and tibia
I calcaneal tendon onto calcaneous
A Plantarflexes foot

95
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

O lateral condyle and tibial shaft
I medial cuneiform and first metatarsals
A Prime mover of dorsiflexion

96
Q

Peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

O head of fibula
I First metatarsal and medial cuneiform
A Plantarflexion and foot eversion

Anatomy (1 decks)

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