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Muscle OIA Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior thorax–movements of the scapula

A 
Trapezius 
Latissimus dorsi 
Serratus anterior 
Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids (major and minor)
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2
Q

Trapezius

A

O Occipital bone, spines of C7 and all Thoracic vertebrae
I spine and acromion of scapula, lateral clavicle
A Extends, elevates, rotates and retracts scapula; secondary: extends head

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3
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

O Via thoracolumbar fascia, the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest
I intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

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4
Q

Serratus anterior

A

O Ribs 1-8
I anterior aspect of medial (vertebral) border of scapula
A Protracts and rotates scapula superiorly and laterally (“boxer’s muscle”)

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5
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

O ribs 3,4,5
I coracoid process of scapula
A Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

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6
Q

Rhomboids (major and minor)

A

O spinous process of C7-T5
I medial border of scapula
A Stabilize scapula

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7
Q

Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing

A

External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: “ C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive”)

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8
Q

External intercostals

A

A: raises ribs for inspiration

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9
Q

Internal intercostals

A

A: Depresses ribs for forced expiration

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10
Q

Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve: “ C3, C4, C5- keeps the diaphragm alive”)

A

O cartilages of lowest ribs, lumbar vertebrae
I central tendon
A Prime muscle of inspiration (flattens on contraction)

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11
Q

Muscles crossing the shoulder joint: movements of the humerus

A 
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatus 
Subscapularis 
Teres Major 
Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus)
Pectoralis major 
Deltoid
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12
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O supraspinous fossa of scapula
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Abducts and stabilizes humerus

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13
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O infraspinous fossa
I greater tubercle of the humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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14
Q

Subscapularis

A

O subscapular fossa of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A medial rotation of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

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15
Q

Teres Major

A

O Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I lesser tubercle of humerus
A synergist to latissimus dorsi (extends, adducts and medially rotates arm)

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16
Q

Teres Minor (synergist to infraspinatus)

A

O lateral border of scapula
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Lateral rotation of humerus

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17
Q

Pectoralis major

A

O clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages
I greater tubercle of humerus
A Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm

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18
Q

Deltoid

A

O clavicle, acromion and scapular spine
I deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A Abducts arm

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19
Q

Muscles Crossing elbow joint–flexion and extension of forearm

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Triceps brachii
Brachioradialis

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20
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
I radial tuberosity
A Flexes elbow, supinates forearm;

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21
Q

Brachialis

A

O distal anterior humerus
I coronoid process of ulna
A Flexes forearm

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22
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior humerus
I olecranon process of the ulna
A Extends forearm

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23
Q

Brachioradialis

A

O lateral supracondylar ridge
I styloid process of radius
A Flexes forearm

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24
Q

Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

A

Special note: Flexor and extensor retinaculum:
These are not muscles, rather, connective tissue straps around wrist (“retainers”). These “wrist bands” keep tendons from bulging outward when their respective muscles are contracted.
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis)
Extensor digitorum
extensor “digiti” minimi (“lateralis” in cat)
Extensor carpi ulnaris

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Pronator teres | Anterior compartment
O medial epicondyle of humerus I lateral radius A Pronates and flexes forearm
26
Flexor carpi radialis | Anterior compartment
O medial epicondyle of humerus I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals- tendon easily seen to guide taking pulse of radial artery A Flexes wrist; abducts hand
27
``` Palmaris longus (Anterior compartment) ```
O medial epicondyle of humerus I palmar aponeurosis A Tenses skin and fascia of palm; weak flexor of wrist
28
Flexor carpi ulnaris | Anterior compartment
O medial epicondyle of humerus I Pisiform and hamate and fith metacarpal A flexes wrist, adducts hand
29
Extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis) | Posterior compartment
O Supracondylar ridge and Lateral epicondyle of humerus I Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal A Extends and abducts wrist
30
Extensor digitorum | Posterior compartment
O lateral epicondyle of the humerus I posterior surfaces of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A Extends fingers and wrist, abducts fingers
31
extensor “digiti” minimi (“lateralis” in cat) | Posterior compartment
A extends 5th digit
32
Extensor carpi ulnaris | Posterior compartment
O lateral epicondyle of humerus I 5th metacarpal A Extends and adducts wrist
33
Abductor pollicis longus | deep muscle
A Abducts and extends thumb
34
Extensor pollicis brevis | deep muscle
A Extends thumb
35
Extensor pollicis longus | deep muscle
A extends thumb
36
Eye- 6 extrinsic eye muscles (move eyeball) | all originate at the "annular ring"
``` Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus Lateral rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique ```
37
Superior rectus
O Annular ring | A Rotates eyeball superiorly and medially (elevates and adducts)
38
Inferior rectus
O Annular ring | A Rotates eyeball inferiorly and medially (depresses and adducts)
39
Medial rectus
O Annular ring | A Rotates eyeball medially (adducts)
40
Lateral rectus
O Annular ring | A Rotates eyeball laterally (abducts)
41
Superior oblique
O Annular ring | A Rotates eyeball inferiorly and laterally (depresses and abducts)
42
Inferior oblique
O Annular ring | A Rotates eyeball superiorly and laterally (elevates and abducts)
43
Muscles of the abdominal wall: trunk movements and compression of abdominal viscera
Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis
44
Rectus abdominis
O pubic crest and pubic symphysis I Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process A Flexes and rotates trunk
45
External oblique
O lower 8 ribs I linea alba and pubic crest and iliac crest A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion Special note: Linea alba : not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"
46
Internal oblique
O Lumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest I lower 4 ribs; linea alba; pubic crest A Flexion and rotation of trunk; lateral flexion Special note: Linea alba : not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"
47
Transversus abdominis
O iliac crest, cartilages of lower 6 ribs I linea alba and pubic crest A Compresses abdominal contents Special note: Linea alba : not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; "white line"
48
Muscles of the Head: Facial Expression
Frontal belly Occipital belly Special Note: Epicranius: Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)
49
Frontal belly
A raises eyebrows Special Note: Epicranius: Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)
50
Occipital belly
A Pulls scalp posteriorly Special Note: Epicranius: Bipartite muscle consisting of a frontal belly and occipital belly attached by galea aponeurotica (an aponeurosis, which is a sheet of connective tissue; a flat tendon)
51
Muscles of Mastication
Masseter | Temporalis
52
Masseter
O zygomatic arch I angle and ramus of mandible A Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates mandible
53
Temporalis
A Closes jaw
54
Facial muscles of Expression
``` Zygomaticus (major and minor) Levator labii superioris Risorius Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Buccinator ```
55
Zygomaticus (major and minor)
A raises corners of mouth, smiling muscle
56
Levator labii superioris
A Raises upper lip
57
Risorius
A Draws corner of lip laterally; synergist to zygomaticus
58
Orbicularis oculi
A Closes eye
59
Orbicularis oris
A Closes and puckers lips; kissing/whistling muscle
60
Buccinator
A Compresses cheek (for whistling and sucking)
61
Muscles of the anterior neck and throat: Swallowing
``` Sternothyroid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Digastric “two bellies” Mylohyoid ```
62
Sternothyroid
O manubrium I thyroid cartilage A Pulls larynx and hyoid bone inferiorly (depresses)
63
Sternohyoid
O manubrium and clavicle I hyoid bone A Depresses hyoid and larynx
64
Thyrohyoid
O thyroid cartilage I hyoid A Depresses hyoid or elevates larynx
65
Digastric “two bellies”
O Mandible and mastoid process I By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone A Open mouth and depress mandible
66
Mylohyoid
O Mandible I Hyoid A Elevates hyoid
67
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column: Head Movements and Trunk Extension
Sternocleidomastoid | Erector Spinae- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles
68
Sternocleidomastoid
O manubrium of sternum, clavicle I mastoid process A Singly, rotates head to opposite shoulder; together, flexes head
69
Erector Spinae- iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis muscles
A Prime mover of back extension
70
Muscles Crossing the Hip and Knee Joints: Movements of the thigh and leg
Psoas major Iliacus Sartorius
71
Psoas major
O lumbar vertebrae I lesser trochanter of the femur A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk
72
Iliacus
O Iliac fossa I lesser trochanter of the femur A Prime mover in thigh flexion and in flexing trunk
73
Sartorius (superficial)
O anterior superior iliac spine I tibia A Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee
74
The Thigh Adductors
Adductor longus Adductor magnus (= "adductor femoris" in cats) Pectineus Gracilis
75
Adductor longus
O pubis near pubic symphysis I linea aspera A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
76
Adductor magnus (= "adductor femoris" in cats)
O ischium and pubis I linea aspera of femur A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
77
Pectineus
O pubis I posterior femur A Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
78
Gracilis (superficial)
O pubis I medial tibia A flexes knee and adducts and medial rotates thigh
79
Anterior Muscles of Thigh - Quadriceps femoris = Group name (composed of 4 muscles)
``` Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Tensor fasciae latae ```
80
Rectus femoris (deep to sartorius)
O anterior inferior iliac spine I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
81
Vastus lateralis (deep to sartorius)
O Greater trochanter I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee
82
Vastus medialis (deep to sartorius)
O linea aspera I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee
83
Vastus intermedius (super deep to Vastus medialis, lateralis, and rectus femoris)
O proximal femur I patella and tibial tuberosity A Extends knee
84
Tensor fasciae latae
O iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine I iliotibial tract-The fascia lata that ensheathes all the muscles of the thigh A Steadies trunk on thigh
85
Posterior Muscles of Thigh
Gluteus maximus | Gluteus medius
86
Gluteus maximus
O ilium, sacrum, coccyx I gluteal tuberosity of femur A Major extensor of thigh
87
Gluteus medius
O ilium I greater trochanter of the femur A Abduction and medial thigh rotation
88
Lower Leg Movements- 3 muscles called Hamstrings. These are located on posterior thigh and have the same actions.
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris
89
Semimembranosus (deep to gracilis)
O ischial tuberosity I medial condyle of tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee
90
Semitendinosus
O ischial tuberosity I medial aspect of proximal tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee
91
Biceps femoris
O ischial tuberosity and femur I fibula and tibia A Extends thigh, flexes knee
92
Muscles of the Leg: Movements of the ankle and Toe:
Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis anterior Peroneus (fibularis) longus Special Note: Triceps Surae: -Large superficial muscle- 2 parts; Common insertion: via Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon onto calcaneus (gastrocnemius and soleus).
93
Gastrocnemius
O medial and lateral condyles of femur I via achilles tendon onto calcaneus A plantarflexes foot; flexes lower leg
94
Soleus
O head of fibula and tibia I calcaneal tendon onto calcaneous A Plantarflexes foot
95
Tibialis anterior
O lateral condyle and tibial shaft I medial cuneiform and first metatarsals A Prime mover of dorsiflexion
96
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
O head of fibula I First metatarsal and medial cuneiform A Plantarflexion and foot eversion

Anatomy (1 decks)

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