Muscle Movement Flashcards
What is the endoskeleton made of?
bone and cartilage
it’s on inside of the body
What is the exoskeleton made of?
Bone
hard and protective
On the outside of the body
What is a joint
A site where to or more bones junction
What is the main joint?
Synnovial joint
What are features of a synnovial joint?
a fluid filled space between cartialage pads
What type of joint is the hinge joint
ankle, knee, elbow
What do hinge joints allow?
Only allow the movement of one axis(flexion and extension)
“forward and backward”
what do ball and socket joints allow?
adduction abduction
flexion and extension
full circle rotation
What is in the joint capsule?
Synovial fluid
What is the ulna a lever for?
Triceps
What is the radius a lever for?
biceps
What is the humerous a lever for?
Shoulder muscles
What does the joint capsule do?
It seals the joint space, provides stability by limiting movement
What are flexor muslces?
Muscles that, when contracting, reduce the angle between s sides of a joint
What are extensor muscles?
Muscles tht, when contracting, increase the angle between two joints
When a bug’s leg bends, which muscle is used?
The one that looks like the hamstring
Say the bones of the legs from furthest on the top to lowest.
Femur
Tibia
Tarsis
What is the muscle version of mitochondria?
Sacromeres
What are myofibrils?
Contractile fibres in the muscle
What type of endoplasmic reticulum is in muscle?
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
What is sarcolemma?
The membrane surrounding a single muscle fibre,
What is a sacromere?
The segment between two neighboring Z lines (segment).
Which is the actin and which is the myosin?
The actin is connected to the Z-line, myosin is not
Which two proteins are responsible for muscl contraction?
Myosin and Actin.
Explain muscle contraction.
Action potential from a motor neuron reaches the neuromuscular junction. This action potential causes the release of acetylcholine ( a neurotransmitter).
Acetylcholine triggers another action potential in the sarcolemma membrane. This travels down the Sacrolemma and T-tubule.
The action potential triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open its Calcium channels. The calcium floods out and binds to proponin.
This causes troponin to move, not blocking the tropomyosin heads (binding sites) anymore.
The myosin head can now bind to the tropomyosin head forming a “cross bridge”. The myosin pulls the actin inwards “power stroke”.
ATP phosphorylates myosin head, breaking the cross bridge. The muscle relaxes and Calcium is pumped back into the Sarcoplasmic reticulum.
