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Gross Anatomy: Head, Neck, and Trunk > Muscle Manual > Flashcards

Muscle Manual Flashcards

1
Q

Levator Costarum

A

Part of the Minor Deep Layer of Back Muscles

Runs from transverse processes of the vertebrae to the rib below

Elevates the Ribs

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2
Q

External Intercostals

A

PA: Ribs - Inferior border

DA: Ribs below - superior border

Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Action: Approximation of the ribs

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3
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

PA: Ribs - Inferior border

DA: Ribs below - superior border

Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Action: Approximation of the ribs

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4
Q

Innermost Intercostals

A

PA: Ribs - Inferior border

DA: Ribs below - superior border

Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Action: Approximation of the ribs

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5
Q

Transversus Thoracis

A

PA: Sternum - Posterior Surface

DA: Ribs 2-6 Internal surface of Costal cartilages

Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Action: Proprioception; weakly depress the ribs

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6
Q

Subcostals

A

PA: Lower Ribs - Internal surface near angles

DA: Ribs 2 or 3 below - superior border

Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Action: similar to internal intercostal

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7
Q

Diaphragm

A

Central Attachment: Central Tendon

Peripheral Attachment:
Sternal –> Sternum - Xiphoid process
Costal –> Ribs 7-12 - Costal cartilages and adjacent
areas
Lumbar –> Arcuate Ligaments; LV1 - LV3

Innervation: Phrenic Nerve (C3 - C5)

Action: Depression (Increases the Thoracic Volume and Decreases the abdominal volume)

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8
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin: Ribs 5-12

Insertion:
Linea Alba
Pubis - Pubic Tubercle
Ilium - Iliac Crest

Innervation: Ventral Rami of Inferior 6 Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Trunk contralateral rotation
Bilateral - Trunk Flexion
Compress and support the abdominal viscera

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9
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Origin:
Thoracolumbar Fascia
ilium - Iliac Crest
Inguinal Ligament

Insertion:
Ribs 10 - 12
Linea Alba
Pubis - Pecten via conjoint tendon

Innervation: Ventral Rami of inferior 6 thoracic spinal nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Trunk ipsilateral rotation
Bilateral - Trunk Flexion
Compress and Support the Abdominal Viscera

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10
Q

Transverse Abdominal

A 
Origin:
Ribs 7-12 - Costal Cartilages
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Ilium - Iliac Crest
Inguinal Ligament

Insertion:
Linea Alba
Pubis - Pubic Crest; Pecten Via Conjoint Tendon

Innervation: Ventral Rami of Inferior 6 Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Action: Compress and Support the abdominal viscera

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11
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: Pubis - Symphysis; Crest

Insertion:
Sternum - Xiphoid Process
Ribs 5-7 - Costal Cartilages

Innervation: Ventral Rami of Inferior 6 Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Action:
Trunk Flexion
Compress and Support the Abdominal Viscera

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12
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Superior Attachment:
Lumbar Vertebrae - Transverse Processes
Rib 12 - Medial, Inferior border

Inferior Attachment:
Iliolumbar Ligament
Ilium - Iliac Crest

Innervation: Ventral Rami of T12, L1 - L4 Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Trunk Lateral Flexion
Bilateral - Trunk Extension; depress and stabilize the 12th rib

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13
Q

Levator Ani

A

3 Parts: Pubococcygeous, Puborectalis, Iliococcygeous

Innervation:
Nerve to levator Ani (S4)
Inferior Anal (Rectal) Nerve
Coccygeal Plexus

Action:
Helps Support the Pelvic Viscera
Resists Increases in Intra-Abdominal Pressure

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14
Q

Coccygeus

A

Aka Ischiococcygeus

Innervation: Branches of S4 and S5 Spinal nerves

Action:
Coccygeal Flexion
Helps support the pelvic viscera

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15
Q

Platysma

A

Superior Attachment:
Mandible - Inferior Border
Lower Face - Skin and subcutaneous Tissue

Inferior Attachment:
Fascia covering Superior Parts of Pectoralis Major and Deltoid Muscles

Innervation:
Cervical Branch of CNVII - Facial Nerve

Action:
Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it
Draws the skin of the neck superiorly when the teeth are clenched

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16
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Superior Attachment:
Temporal Bone - Mastoid Process
Occipital Bone - Superior Nuchal Line

Inferior Attachment:
Sternal Head –> Sternum - anterior surface of manubrium
Clavicular Head –> Clavicle - Medial superior surface

Innervation:
CNXI Spinal Accessory Nerve

Action:
Unilateral - Head lateral flexion with contralateral rotation
Bilateral - Head Extension and neck flexion

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17
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Suprahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
Mylohyoid Nerve - Branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CNV3 (Trigeminal Nerve, mandibular division)

Action:
Elevates the hyoid bone, Floor of the Mouth, and Tongue During Swallowing and Speaking

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18
Q

Geniohyoid

A

Suprahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
C1 via CNXII (Hypoglossal Nerve)

Action:
Pulls the hyoid bone anterosuperiorly
Shortens the gloor of the mouth
widens the pharynx

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19
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Suprahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
Sylohyoid Branch of CNVII (Facial Nerve)

Action:
Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone thereby elongating the floor of the mouth

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20
Q

Digastric

A

Suprahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
Anterior Belly - Mylohyoid Nerve - Branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CNV3 (Trigeminal Nerve, mandibular division)
Posterior Belly - Digastric Branch of CNVII (Facial Nerve)

Action:
Depresses the Mandible
Elevates and steadies the hyoid bone during swallowing and speaking

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21
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Infrahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
C1 - C3 via a Branch of Ansa Cervicalis

Action:
Depresses the Hyoid Bone After Elevation During Swallowing

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22
Q

Omohyoid

A

Infrahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
C1 - C3 via a branch of Ansa Cervicalis

Action:
Depresses, retracts, and steadies the hyoid bone

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23
Q

Sternothyroid

A

Infrahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
C2 - C3 via a branch of ansa cervicalis

Action:
Depresses hyoid bone and larynx

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24
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Infrahyoid Muscle

Innervation:
C1 via CNXII - Hypoglossal nerve

Action:
Depresses Hyoid Bone
Elevates Larynx

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25
Q

Longus Colli

A

Anterior Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Ventral Rami of C2 - C6 Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Neck flexion with contralateral rotation
Bilateral - Neck Flexion

26
Q

Longus Capitis

A

Anterior Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Ventral Rami of C1 - C3 Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Head Lateral Flexion
Bilateral - Head Flexion

27
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior

A

Anterior Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Branches from Loop between C1 and C2 spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Head Lateral Flexion
Bilateral - Head Flexion

28
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

A

Anterior Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Branches from Loop between C1 and C2 spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Head Lateral Flexion
Bilateral - Head Flexion

29
Q

Posterior Scalene

A

Lateral Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Ventral Rami of C7 and C8 Spinal Nerve

Action:
Unilateral - Neck Lateral Flexion
Bilateral - Neck Flexion

30
Q

Middle Scalene

A

Lateral Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Ventral Rami of Cervical Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Neck Lateral Flexion
Bilateral - Neck Flexion

31
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Lateral Prevertebral Muscle

Innervation:
Ventral Rami C4 - C6 Spinal Nerves

Action:
Unilateral - Neck Lateral Flexion with Contralateral Rotation
Bilateral - Neck Flexion

32
Q

Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis

A

Elevates eyebrows, wrinkles the skin of the forehead, and protracts the scalp

33
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Closes the mouth, compresses and protrudes the lips

34
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Elevates Upper Lip

35
Q

Mentalis

A

Depresses and Protrudes the Lower Lip

36
Q

Buccinator

A

Presses the cheek against the molar teeth, thereby aiding in chewing; resists distension

37
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Depresses the Corner of the Mouth

38
Q

Levator Anguli Oris

A

Elevates the corner of the mouth

39
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Draws the corner of the mouth superolaterally

40
Q

Zygomaticus Minor

A

Elevates the upper lip

41
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Depresses the lower lip

42
Q

Risorius

A

Draws the corner of the mouth laterally

43
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Closes the eyelids

44
Q

Corrugator Supercillii

A

Draws eyebrows inferomedially, wrinkling the forehead

45
Q

Nasalis

A

Compresses or flares the nostrils

46
Q

Procerus

A

Draws the medial eyebrow inferiorly, wrinkling the nose

47
Q

Depressor Septi

A

Flares Nostrils

48
Q

Muscles of Mastication: Temporalis

A

Elevation and Retraction of the Mandible

49
Q

Muscles of Mastication: Masseter

A

Elevation of the Mandible

50
Q

Muscles of Mastication: Lateral Pterygoid

A

Unilaterally - produces side to side movements of the mandible

Bilaterally - Depression and Protrusion of the Mandible

51
Q

Muscles of Mastication: Medial Pterygoid

A

Unilaterally - produces side to side movements of the mandible

Bilaterally - Elevation of the Mandible

52
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue: Genioglossus

A

Depresses the base of the tongue and protrudes the tongue

53
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue: Hyoglossus

A

Depresses the base of the tongue and retracts the tongue

54
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue: Styloglossus

A

Elevates the base of the tongue and retracts the tongue

55
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue: palatoglossus

A

Closes the Oropharyngeal Isthmus

56
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Levator Palpabrae Superioris

A

Innervation: CNIII - Occulomotor Nerve

Action: Elevates Superior Eyelid

57
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Superior Rectus

A

Innervation: CNIII - Occulomotor Nerve

Action: Elevates, adducts, and medially rotates the eyeball

58
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Inferior Rectus

A

Innervation: CNIII - Occulomotor Nerve

Action: Depresses, adducts, and laterally rotates the eyeball

59
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Lateral Rectus

A

Innervation: CNVI - Abducent Nerve

Action: Abducts the eyeball

60
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Medial Rectus

A

Innervation: CNIII - Occulomotor Nerve

Action: Adducts eyeball

61
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Superior Oblique

A

Innervation: CNIV - Trochlear Nerve

Action: Abducts, Depresses, and medially rotates the eyeball

62
Q

Muscles of the Orbit: Inferior obllique

A

Innervation: CNIII - Occulomotor Nerve

Action: Abducts, elevates, and laterally rotates the eyeball

Gross Anatomy: Head, Neck, and Trunk (1 decks)

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