Muscle groups of the body Flashcards
orbicularis oculi action
eye closure
orbicularis oculi innervation
facial nerve (CN VII)
orbicularis oris action
mouth closure: closes lips, protrudes lips forward, presses lips against teeth
orbicularis oris innervation
facial nerve (CN VII)
Zygomaticus major/minor action
pull corners of lips upward
Zygomaticus major/minor innervation
facial nerve (CN VII)
Risorius action
pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grin or grimace)
Risorius innervation
facial nerve (CN VII)
Frontalis (occipitofrontalis) action
raise eyebrows
Frontalis (occipitofrontalis) innervation
facial nerve (CN VII)
Buccinator action
compress cheeks
Buccinator innervation
facial nerve (CN VII)
Masseter action
jaw closure
Masseter innervation
trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)
Temporalis action
Elevates mandible, closes jaw
Temporalis innervation
trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)
Semispinalis Capitis origin
articular processes of inferior cervical & transverse process of superior thoracic vertebrae
Semispinalis Capitis insertion
occipital bone
Semispinalis Capitis action
extend head, laterally flexes neck to same side
Semispinalis Capitis innervation
spinal nerves
Sternocleidomastoid origin
sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
Sternocleidomastoid insertion
mastoid region of skull
Sternocleidomastoid action
neck flexion, turns face to opposite side
Sternocleidomastoid innervation
accessory nerve (CN XI)
Splenius Capitis origin
spinous process/ligaments of inferior cervical vertebrae
Splenius Capitis insertion
mastoid process, occipital bone of skull
Splenius Capitis action
extend head, laterally flexes neck to same side
Splenius Capitis innervation
cervical spinal nerves
Longissimus cervicis origin
transverse processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
Longissimus cervicis insertion
transverse process of middle and superior cervical vertebrae
Longissimus cervicis action
Bilateral extend head
Unilateral laterally flexes neck to same side
Longissimus cervicis innervation
cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
Longissimus thoracis origin
transverse process of all thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Longissimus thoracis insertion
transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae
Longissimus thoracis action
Bilateral extension of spine
Unilaterally: lateral flexion of spine
Longissimus thoracis innervation
thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
Thyrohyoid origin
thyroid cartilage of larynx
Thyrohyoid insertion
hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid action
elevates thyroid, depresses hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid innervation
hypoglossal nerve
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) origin
transverse processes of C2-C7
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) insertion
first and second ribs
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) action
elevates ribs 1 & 2
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) innervation
cervical spinal nerves
Spinalis
Medial column of erector spinae
Made up of three divisions (spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis)
Longissimus
Intermediate column of erector spinae
made up of three divisions (longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis)
Iliocostalis
Lateral column of erector spinae
Made up of three divisions (iliocostalis lumborum, iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis)
Rectus abdominis origin
pubic crest, pubic symphysis
Rectus abdominis insertion
pubis, cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
Rectus abdominis action
flexion of spine, compression of abdominal viscera
Rectus abdominis innervation
spinal nerves (T 7-T 12)
External oblique origin
sternum, ribs (5-12)
External oblique insertion
linea alba, iliac crest
External oblique action
Bilaterally: flexion of the spine, compress the abdomen
Unilaterally: flexes trunk to same side, rotates to opposite side
External oblique innervation
lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves
Internal oblique origin
iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
Internal oblique insertion
inferior ribs, linea alba
Internal oblique action
compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes spine
Internal oblique innervation
lower intercostal, ilioinguinal nerves
Transverse abdominis origin
lateral inguinal ligament, inner iliac crest
Transverse abdominis insertion
linea alba, pubis
Transverse abdominis action
compression of abdomen
Transverse abdominis innervation
first lumbar nerve (T 7- L1), iliohypogastric (T12-L1), ilioinguinal (T12-L1)
Diaphragm origin
cartilage of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrae
Diaphragm insertion
anterior longitudinal ligament (vertebral column)
Diaphragm action
expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominal cavity
Diaphragm innervation
phrenic nerve (C3-5)
External Intercostals origin
lower border of ribs 1-11
External Intercostals insertion
upper border of ribs below (2-12)
External Intercostals action
elevates ribs (normal inspiration)
External Intercostals innervation
intercostal nerves
Internal Intercostals origin
superior border of ribs 2-12
Internal Intercostals insertion
inferior of ribs above (1-11)
Internal Intercostals action
depresses ribs (forced expiration)
Internal Intercostals innervation
intercostal nerves
Trapezius (upper, middle, lower) origin
occipital bone, spinous process of T1-12
Trapezius (upper, middle, lower) insertion
lateral clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine of scapula
Trapezius (upper, middle, lower) action
rotation, retraction, elevation, depression of scapula; extends neck and stabilizes shoulder
Trapezius (upper, middle, lower) innervation
Accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve 11)
Levator scapulae origin
transverse process of C1-4
Levator scapulae insertion
medial border of scapula
Levator scapulae action
elevates scapula
Levator scapulae innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboids (major, minor) origin
spinous process (minor: C7-T1) (major: T2-5)
Rhomboids (major, minor) insertion
medial border of scapula
Rhomboids (major, minor) action
retraction of scapula
Rhomboids (major, minor) innervation
dorsal scapular nerve
Pectoralis minor origin
Ribs 3-5
Pectoralis minor insertion
Coracoid process of scapula
Pectoralis minor action
Elevates ribs, draws scapula down and medially
Pectoralis minor innervation
Medial pectoral nerve
Serratus anterior origin
Upper 8-9 ribs
Serratus anterior insertion
Medial border of scapula
Serratus anterior action
Protraction of scapula
Serratus anterior innervation
Long thoracic nerve
Deltoid origin
clavicle and scapula
Deltoid insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid action
abduction of shoulder (whole muscle)
Deltoid innervation
axillary nerve
Latissimus Dorsi origin
spinous process of inferior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12
Latissimus Dorsi insertion
intertubercular groove of humerus
Latissimus Dorsi action
extension, adduction, and medial rotation of shoulder
Latissimus Dorsi innervation
thoracodorsal nerve
Pectoralis Major origin
ribs 2-6, body of sternum
Pectoralis Major insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Pectoralis Major action
flexion, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
Pectoralis Major innervation
pectoral nerve
Teres Major origin
inferior angle of scapula
Teres Major insertion
intertubercular groove of humerus
Teres Major action
extension, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
Teres Major innervation
lower subscapular nerve
Coracobrachialis origin
coracoid process of scapula
Coracobrachialis insertion
medial shaft of humerus
Coracobrachialis action
adduction and flexion at shoulder
Coracobrachialis innervation
musculocutaneous nerve
Teres Minor origin
lateral border of scapula
Teres minor insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Teres minor action
lateral rotation of shoulder
Teres minor innervation
axillary nerve
Supraspinatus origin
supraspinatus fossa of scapula
Supraspinatus insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Supraspinatus action
abduction of the shoulder
Supraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus origin
infraspinatus fossa of humerus
Infraspinatus insertion
greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus action
lateral rotation of scapula
Infraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis origin
subscapular fossa of scapula
Subscapularis insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
Subscapularis action
medial rotation of shoulder
Subscapularis innervation
subscapular nerve
Biceps brachii origin
short head- coracoid process; long head- supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Biceps brachii insertion
tuberosity of radius
Biceps brachii action
flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination
Biceps brachii innervation
musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis origin
anterior/distal surface of humerus
Brachialis inserton
tuberosity of ulna
Brachialis action
flexion at elbow
Brachialis innervation
musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve
Brachioradialis origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Brachioradialis insertion
lateral aspect of styloid process of radius
Brachioradialis action
flexion at elbow
Brachioradialis innervation
radial nerve
Triceps (long head, lateral head, medial head) origin
Long head – infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head – superior, lateral margin on humerus
Medial head – posterior surface of humerus
triceps insertion
olecranon of ulna
triceps action
extension at elbow
triceps innervation
radial nerve
pronator teres origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
pronator teres insertion
mid-lateral surface of radius
pronator teres action
pronation
pronator teres innervation
median nerve
supinator origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
supinator insertion
anterolateral surface of radius
supinator action
supination
supinator innervation
deep radial nerve
flexor carpi radialis action
wrist flexion, radial deviation of the hand
flexor carpi radialis innervation
median nerve
palmaris longus action
wrist flexion
palmaris longus innervation
median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris action
wrist flexion, ulnar deviation of the hand
flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
ulnar nerve
flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) action
flexion of the wrist and digits 2-5
flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) innervation
median nerve
flexor pollicis longus action
flexion of thumb
flexor pollicis longus innervation
median nerve
flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) action
wrist flexion, flexion of digits 2-5
flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) innervation
palmar interosseous nerve
extensor carpi radialis longus action
extension, abduction of the wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
radial nerve
extensor carpi radialis brevis action
extension, abduction of the wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
radial nerve
extensor digitorum action
wrist extension, extension of digits 2-5
extensor digitorum innervation
deep radial nerve
extensor digiti minimi action
wrist extension, extension of digit 5
extensor digiti minimi innervation
deep radial nerve
extensor carpi ulnaris action
extension, adduction of the wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
deep radial nerve
abductor pollicis longus (APL) action
abduction of wrist and thumb
abductor pollicis longus (APL) innervation
deep radial nerve
extensor pollicis longus (EPL) action
thumb extension, wrist abduction
extensor pollicis longus (EPL) innervation
deep radial nerve
extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) action
thumb extension, wrist abduction
extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) innervation
deep radial nerve
extensor indicis (EI) action
extension of wrist and digit 2
extensor indicis (EI) innervation
deep radial nerve
psoas major origin
transverse bodies of all lumbar vertebra
psoas major insertion
lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus)
psoas major action
hip flexion
psoas major innervation
lumbar plexus
iliacus origin
iliac fossa of ilium
iliacus insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
iliacus action
hip flexion
iliacus innervation
femoral nerve
gluteus maximus origin
posterior gluteal line of the ilium, lower sacrum, side of the coccyx
gluteus maximus insertion
gluteal tuberosity
gluteus maximus action
abducts, extends, laterally rotates hip joint
gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve
gluteus medius and minimus origin
gluteal surface of the ilium
gluteus medius and minimus insertion
greater trochanter of the femur
gluteus medius and minimus action
abducts thigh, stabilizes hip joint
gluteus medius and minimus innervation
superior gluteal nerve
TFL- tensor fascia latae origin
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
TFL- tensor fascia latae insertion
iliotibial tract
TFL- tensor fascia latae action
abducts and internally rotates thigh, stabilizes hip and knee joints
TFL- tensor fascia latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve
obturator externus action
lateral rotation of thigh
obturator externus innervation
obturator nerve
obturator internus action
lateral rotation of thigh
obturator internus innervation
spinal nerves S1-3
superior and inferior gemellus action
lateral rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint
superior and inferior gemellus innervation
spinal nerves L5,S1
quadratus femoris action
lateral rotation, adduction of hip joint
quadratus femoris innervation
spinal nerves L5,S1
piriformis action
lateral rotation, adduction, extension of hip joint
piriformis innervation
spinal nerves L5-S2
biceps femoris origin
long head, ischial tuberosity; short head, linea aspera of femur, lateral surface
biceps femoris insertion
head of the fibula, lateral surface
biceps femoris action
knee flexion, hip extension
biceps femoris innervation
long head- tibial nerve
short head- common fibular nerve
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semitendinosus insertion
medial surface of tibia
semitendinosus action
knee flexion
semitendinosus innervation
tibial nerve
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semimembranosus insertion
medial condyle of tibia
semimembranosus action
knee flexion
semimembranosus innervation
tibial nerve
rectus femoris origin
AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine)
rectus femoris and vastus intermedius insertion
common tendon of the quadriceps to tibial tuberosity
rectus femoris action
knee extension, hip flexion
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve
vastus medialis origin
intertrochanteric line of femur
vastus medialis and vastus lateralis insertion
patella via quadriceps; tibial tuberosity
vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius action
knee extension
vastus lateralis origin
greater trochanter of femur
vastus intermedius origin
anterior/lateral surfaces of femur
adductor longus origin
front of the pubis
adductor longus insertion
linea aspera
adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus action
adducts, medially rotates thigh
adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus, and gracilis innervation
obturator nerve
adductor brevis origin
superior and inferior rami of the pubis
adductor brevis insertion
medial shaft femur, into the upper linea aspera
adductor magnus origin
inferior ramus of pubis
adductor magnus insertion
adductor tubercle, medial condyle of the femur, linea aspera
gracilis origin
lower half of pubic symphysis
gracilis insertion
superior shaft of tibia
gracilis action
adductor of the thigh, flexes knee
pectineus origin
pectineal line
pectineus insertion
posterior surface of the femur
pectineus action
adducts thigh
pectineus and sartorius innervation
femoral nerve
sartorius origin
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
sartorius insertion
superior shaft of tibia
sartorius action
hip: flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee: flexion, internal rotation
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle of tibia
tibialis anterior insertion
base of metatarsal 1, medial cuneiform
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexion, inversion of foot
tibialis anterior innervation
deep peroneal nerve
extensor digitorum longus origin
lateral condyle of tibia
extensor digitorum longus insertion
distal phalanges of digits 2-5
extensor digitorum longus action
extends digits 2-5, dorsiflexion of foot
extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep peroneal nerve
extensor hallucis longus origin
anterior surface of fibula
extensor hallucis longus insertion
dorsal surface of digit 1
extensor hallicus longus action
extension of digit 1, dorsiflexion of foot
extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep peroneal nerve
peroneus brevis origin
lateral, distal fibula
peroneus brevis insertion
lateral side of 5th metatarsal
peroneus brevis action
plantarflex and evert foot (pronate)
peroneus brevis innervation
superficial peroneal nerve
peroneus longus origin
posterior surface of tibia,superior fibula
peroneus longus insertion
base of metatarsal 1
peroneus longus action
plantarflex and evert foot (pronate)
peroneus longus innervation
superficial peroneal nerve
gastrocnemius origin
medial and lateral heads: posterior surface of medial and lateral femoral condyles
gastrocnemius insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon
gastrocnemius action
plantarflexion of foot, knee flexion
gastrocnemius innervation
tibial nerve
soleus origin
posterior surface of fibula, medial region of posterior tibia
soleus insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via Achilles tendon
soleus action
plantarflexion of foot
soleus innervation
tibial nerve
tibialis posterior origin
posterior surface of tibia, interosseous membrane, medial surface of fibula
tibialis posterior insertion
navicular bone, cuneiforms (3), cuboid, and metatarsals 2-4
tibialis posterior action
plantarflexion, inversion and adduction of foot
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve
flexor digitorum longus origin
posterior surface of tibia
flexor digitorum longus insertion
inferior surface of distal phalanges 2-5
flexor digitorum longus action
flexion of digits 2-5; inversion and plantarflexion of foot
flexor digitorum longus innervation
deep peroneal nerve
flexor hallucis longus origin
posterior fibula
flexor hallucis longus insertion
inferior surface of distal phalanx of digit 1
flexor hallucis longus action
flexion of digit 1, inversion and plantarflexion of foot
flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve (deep peroneal branch)
