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Muscle Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs when muscles contract?

A

Movement occurs when muscles contract.

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2
Q

During muscle contraction, where does the insertion typically move?

A

Towards the origin.

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3
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

Proximal attachment to stationary bone.

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4
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

Distal attachment to moving bone.

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5
Q

What is the belly of a muscle?

A

Largest portion between origin and insertion.

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6
Q

What types of muscle interactions are there?

A
  • Prime mover (agonist)
  • Synergists
  • Antagonists
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7
Q

What is the role of the prime mover (agonist)?

A

Primary muscle performing specific action.

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8
Q

What do synergists do?

A

Muscles performing same action as primary muscle.

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9
Q

What do antagonists do?

A

Muscles performing opposite action.

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10
Q

Where do facial muscles originate and insert?

A

Originate on bone and insert into facial skin.

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11
Q

Why are facial muscles important?

A

Important for non-verbal communication.

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12
Q

What innervates the facial muscles?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII).

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13
Q

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

A

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.

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14
Q

What does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

A

Closes eye, originates from orbital bones.

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15
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Controls lip movement, closes and purses lips.

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16
Q

What is the role of the buccinator muscle?

A

Compresses cheeks, keeps food centered in mouth.

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17
Q

What does the zygomaticus muscle do?

A

Forms smile by pulling mouth corners up and out.

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18
Q

What is the function of the platysma muscle?

A

Tenses skin of neck and chin.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of mastication muscles?

A

Important for chewing.

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20
Q

What innervates the mastication muscles?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V).

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21
Q

What is the most powerful jaw muscle?

A

Masseter.

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22
Q

What does the temporalis muscle do?

A

Elevates mandible.

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23
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

A

Head and neck flexion and rotation.

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24
Q

What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

A

Trunk flexion, compresses abdomen.

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25
Q

What do external and internal obliques do?

A

Trunk flexion.

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26
Q

What is the role of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compresses abdominal contents.

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27
Q

What does the quadratus lumborum affect?

A

Back flexion.

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28
Q

What is the role of the splenius capitis?

A

Head and neck extension.

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29
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles responsible for?

A

Postural muscles for trunk extension and keeping spine erect.

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30
Q

What are the components of the erector spinae?

A
  • Spinalis
  • Longissimus
  • Iliocostalis
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31
Q

What is the purpose of scapular muscles?

A

Attach upper limb to body, move and stabilize scapula and clavicle.

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32
Q

What are key muscles associated with scapular movement?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Rhomboid Major and Minor
  • Levator Scapulae
  • Serratus Anterior
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33
Q

What does the serratus anterior do?

A

Protraction of scapula.

35
Q

What is the insertion point of the Pectoralis Major?

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

36
Q

What are the functions of the Pectoralis Major?

A

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder joint

37
Q

What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?

A

Clavicle, acromion process, and spine

38
Q

Where does the Deltoid muscle insert?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

39
Q

What are the functions of the Deltoid muscle’s anterior region?

A

Flexion and medial rotation at shoulder

40
Q

What is the function of the Deltoid muscle’s middle region?

A

Abduction at shoulder

41
Q

What are the functions of the Deltoid muscle’s posterior region?

A

Extension and lateral rotation at shoulder

42
Q

Name the muscles that make up the Rotator Cuff.

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis
43
Q

What is the origin and function of the Supraspinatus muscle?

A

Origin: Supraspinatus fossa of scapula; Function: Abduction at shoulder joint

44
Q

What is the insertion point of the Infraspinatus muscle?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

45
Q

What is the function of the Infraspinatus muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of humerus

46
Q

What is the origin of the Teres Minor muscle?

A

Lateral border of scapula

47
Q

What is the function of the Teres Minor muscle?

A

Lateral rotation at shoulder joint

48
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula; Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

49
Q

What are the functions of the Subscapularis muscle?

A

Medial rotation and adduction at shoulder

50
Q

What are the primary muscles moving the forearm?

A
  • Biceps Brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Triceps Brachii
51
Q

What is the origin of the Biceps Brachii?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head)

52
Q

Where does the Biceps Brachii insert?

A

Radial tuberosity

53
Q

What are the functions of the Biceps Brachii?

A

Flexion at elbow joint and forearm supination

54
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Brachialis muscle?

A

Origin: Anterior surface of humerus; Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

55
Q

What is the function of the Brachialis muscle?

A

Flexion at elbow

56
Q

What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii?

A

Multiple points including superior and posterior surfaces

57
Q

Where does the Triceps Brachii insert?

A

Olecranon process of ulna

58
Q

What is the function of the Triceps Brachii?

A

Extension of forearm at elbow

59
Q

What types of muscles are included in the hand and finger muscles?

A

Both anterior (flexors) and posterior (extensors) groups

60
Q

What movements do the hand and finger muscles contribute to?

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Adduction
  • Abduction
61
Q

What additional function do the anterior group of hand muscles assist with?

A

Forearm pronation

62
Q

What are intrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles that both originate and insert within the hand

63
Q

Where do the muscles generally originate?

A

On the scapula or axial skeleton (including clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilage)

64
Q

What areas do the muscles insert onto?

A

Their respective areas to perform specific movements at the shoulder, elbow, or wrist joints

65
Q

What muscle is part of the Anterior Group and is involved in hip flexion?

A

Iliopsoas

Iliopsoas is a major hip flexor muscle.

66
Q

Which muscle originates from the anterior superior iliac spine?

A

Sartorius

Sartorius is also part of the Anterior Group.

67
Q

What is the origin of the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

TFL is involved in stabilizing the hip.

68
Q

What is the action of the Gluteus Medius?

A

Hip abduction

Gluteus Medius plays a crucial role in stabilizing the pelvis.

69
Q

Where does the Gluteus Maximus insert?

A

Lateral surface of femur

Gluteus Maximus is the largest muscle in the gluteal region.

70
Q

What is the insertion point of the Adductor Longus?

A

Linea aspera of femur

Adductor Longus is part of the Medial Group.

71
Q

Which muscle inserts at the proximal medial tibia?

A

Gracilis

Gracilis aids in hip adduction.

72
Q

What is the common action of the Hamstring Group?

A

Knee flexion and hip extension

The Hamstring Group includes Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus.

73
Q

Where does the Rectus Femoris originate?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Rectus Femoris is part of the Quadriceps Femoris Group.

74
Q

What is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?

A

Greater trochanter and lateral femur

Vastus Lateralis is a component of the Quadriceps Femoris Group.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is located deep to the rectus femoris.

A

Vastus Intermedius

Vastus Intermedius contributes to knee extension.

76
Q

What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

A

Head of fibula

Biceps Femoris is part of the Hamstring Group.

77
Q

What muscle group includes Tibialis Anterior?

A

Anterior Group

Tibialis Anterior is involved in dorsiflexion of the ankle.

78
Q

Where does the Gastrocnemius originate?

A

Medial and lateral condyles of femur

Gastrocnemius is a major calf muscle.

79
Q

What is the insertion point of Fibularis Longus?

A

1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Fibularis Longus helps in foot eversion.

80
Q

True or False: The intrinsic foot muscles are responsible for movement of the hallux and digits.

A

True

These muscles are crucial for balance and support.

81
Q

How many intrinsic muscles are present in the foot?

A

19

These muscles play a vital role in foot function.

Anatomy (2 decks)

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