Muscle grid

Question 1

Soleus location and action

Answer 1

Posterior calf deep to gastoc. Ankle plantarflexion

Question 2

Soleus grip and needling direction

Answer 2

Clamp. Med/lat.

Question 3

Soleus referral

Answer 3

Posterior calf and heel and ipsi-lateral sacroiliac joint.

Question 4

Soleus caution

Answer 4

Posterior tibial artery and nerve - along the medial border of the tibia

Popliteal artery - lies in the fossa - 4 fingers.

Question 5

Rectus femoris location and action

Answer 5

Palpate anterior thigh. Knee extension and weak hip flexion

Question 6

Rectus femoris grip and needling direction

Answer 6

Flat palpation. Anterior to posterior.

Question 7

Rectus femoris referral

Answer 7

Anterior thigh and patella

Question 8

Rectus femoris caution

Answer 8

Femoral nerve, artery and vein (lat to med) - 4 fingers

Question 9

Vastus medialis location and action

Answer 9

Antero-medial thigh. Knee extension

Question 10

Vastus medialis caution

Answer 10

Femoral artery and Saphenous nerve in adductor canal - posterior border of VMO

Question 11

Vastus medialis grip and direction

Answer 11

Clamp. Medial to lateral. ANGLE ANTERIORLY near posterior border (close to caution structures).

Question 12

Vastus medialis referral

Answer 12

Anterior-medial distal thigh

Question 13

Biceps femoris location and action

Answer 13

Lateral aspect of posterior thigh. Knee flexion and hip extension.

Question 14

Biceps femoris caution

Answer 14

Sciatic nerve - lateral to biceps femoris above gluteal fold and medially below gluteal.
Popliteal artery - lies in popliteal fossa - 4 fingers

Question 15

Biceps femoris grip and direction

Answer 15

Bunny ears push above gluteal fold and pull below gluteal fold

Lateral to medial above gluteal fold and medial to lateral below gluteal fold.

Question 16

Biceps femoris referral

Answer 16

Posterior knee

Question 17

Medial hamstring location and action

Answer 17

Medial aspect of posterior thigh. Flexion knee and hip extension.

Question 18

Medial hamstring location and action

Answer 18

Medial aspect of posterior thigh. Flexion knee and hip extension.

Question 19

Medial hamstrings caution

Answer 19

Sciatic nerve - medial to medial hamstrings
Popliteal artery - lies in popliteal fossa - 4 fingers

Question 20

Medial hamstrings grip and direction

Answer 20

Bunny ears push away from sciatic nerve. Lateral to medial.

Question 21

Medial hamstrings referral

Answer 21

Gluteal fold and ischial tuberosity

Question 22

Tibialis anterior location and action

Answer 22

Lateral aspect lower leg, below head of fibula. Inversion of subtalar joint and dorsiflexion of ankle joint.

Question 23

Peroneal brevis and longus caution

Answer 23

Common peroneal nerve - neck of fibula, 1 thumb width.

Question 24

Peroneal brevis and longus grip and direction

Answer 24

Flat palpation. Proximal 1/3 anterior to posterior. Mid 1/3 perpendicular.

Question 25

Peroneal brevis and longus referral

Answer 25

Lateral lower leg and lateral malleolus

Question 26

Peroneal brevis and longus location and action

Answer 26

Lateral aspect of lower leg, below head of fibula. Eversion of subtalar joint and plantarflexion of ankle joint.

Question 27

Tibialis anterior caution

Answer 27

Anterior tibial artery - posterior to tibialis anterior

Question 28

Tibialis anterior grip and direction

Answer 28

Flat. Towards lateral border of tibia.

Question 29

Tibialis anterior referral

Answer 29

Anterior shin and hallux

Question 30

Gastrocnemius location and action

Answer 30

Posterior aspect of calf. Ankle plantarflexion and knee flexion.

Question 31

Gastrocnemius caution

Answer 31

Medial sural cutaneous nerve - lies in midline. Politeal artery - lies in popliteal fossa.

Question 32

Gastrocnemius grip and direction

Answer 32

Bunny ears, push/pull away from centerline. Medially (med. head) and laterally (lat. head).

Question 33

Gastrocnemius referral

Answer 33

Calf, posterior knee and arch of foot.

Question 34

Multifidi location and action

Answer 34

Paraspinal. Rotation of spine (unilateral) and extension (bilateral)

Question 35

Multifidi caution

Answer 35

Spinal cord 20-40 mm deep to skin. Contraindications: laminectomy, severe scoliosis and congenital anomaly.

Question 36

Multifidi grip and direction

Answer 36

Flat. Medial Caudad.

Question 37

Multifidi referral

Answer 37

Paraspinal and abdominal.