Muscle Gait FINAL Flashcards
You notice that your friend you are jogging with runs with her knees int he genu varus position. She is also landing each stride on the lateral aspect of the foot. The gait pattern of over-____ is associated with this and the actions of ____ and ___ occur at the ankle
a. Pronation / eversion / adduction
b. Supination / inversion / adduction
c. Pronation / eversion / abduction
d. Supination / inversion / abduction
Supination / inversion / adduction (SIAD)
The T5 spinous process has moved posterior and inferior. This is described as ____ theta _____ in the _____ plane.
a. Negative / x / median
b. Positive / x / Coronal
c. Negative / z / frontal
d. positive / z / sagittal
Negative / X / Median
The L1 vertebral body rotates to the right. This would equate to a ___- theta ____ in the ____ plane
a. negative / y / horizontal
b. positive / y / transverse
c. negative / z / median
d. positive / z / sagittal
negative / Y / horizontal
n a chiropractic evaluation, a left shortened quadratus lumborum will cause the lumbar curve over a period of time to produce which of the following?
a. Deviation to the weak side
b. convexity to the right
c. deviation to the strong side
d. concavity to the left
Deviation to the strong side
Hip flexion in a patient with a shortened piriformis will present with ____ and ___ rotation
a. adduction / external
b. abduction / internal
c. adduction / internal
d. abduction / external
abduction / external (lateral rotation)
A patient presents in your office and you observe that as she is walking into the adjusting room there is an excessive amount of hip rotation on the right side. The normal amount of hip rotation is ___ and the ____ trochanter on the ____ would be the fulcrum
a. 30 deg / lesser / right
b. 30 deg / lesser / left
c. 40 deg / greater / right
d. 40 deg / greater / left
40 deg / greater / left
Opposite hip would be the fulcrum at 25 degrees
You are testing the left oblique muscle group. The internal oblique laterally flexes the body to the ____ side and the external oblique rotates the body to the ___ side
a. Contralateral / left
b. ipsilateral / left
c. contralateral / right
d. ipsilateral / right
ipsilateral / right
Left lateral flexion of the T7 vertebra would be a ____ theta ____ in the ____ plane
a. negative / z / frontal
b. positive / z / coronal
c. negative / x / sagittal
d. positive / x / median
negative / z / frontal
The ability of a muscle to assume a length back to normal after stretching it is
referred to as
a. extensibility
b. elasticity
c. amplitude
d. contractility
Elasticity
When assessing trunk flexion in infants, the lumbar lordosis should not yet be
present by _____ months of age
a. 9
b. 10
c. 8
d. 7
7
Your patient expresses to you that they cannot walk properly due to not being able ot
“push off” during gait cycle. This occurs during the ___ phase of the gait cycle and the
____ peroneal nerve and ____ muscle should be tested.
a. swing / superficial / peroneus longus
b. stance / superficial / peroneus brevis brevis
c. swing / deep / tibialis anterior
d. stance / deep / extensor hallicus longus
stance / superficial / peroneus brevis brevis
According to the adult muscle grading chart, which grade would indicate a
neurogenic problem?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 4
d. 3
2
13.The ____ muscle would be tested if you suspected your patient may have a
condition called “winging” of the scapula and the neurological component is the ____
nerve.
a. Serratus anterior / long thoracic
b. Rhomboids / long thoracic
c. Serratus anterior / thoracodorsal
d. Rhomboids / dorsal scapular
Serratus anterior / long thoracic
A patient presents in your office telling you that he is having difficulty keeping himself
from falling forward. All tests for CN8 are unremarkable and cerebral tests are also
unremarkable.
a. gastrocnemius tear / weakness
b. vertigo
c. soleus tear / weakness
d. upper motor neuron lesion
soleus tear / weakness
A patient presents in your office complaining of pain when extending his hip and
knee on the left. He also says he is experiencing medial knee pain on the left. He is a high jumper on his college track team. What is the most likely muscle involved and name the condition associated with this?
a. Sartorius / osgood schlatters
b. semitendonosis / anserine bursitis
c. sartorius / anserine bursitis
d. semitendonosis / osgood schlatters
sartorius / anserine bursitis
A patient tells you they are experiencing mid back discomfort. This past weekend he
was ding competitive rowing with his team at school. Which muscle and innervation are the most likely cause of the patient’s discomfort?
a. serratus anterior / thoracodorsal
b. latissimus dorsi / thoracodorsal
c. pectoralis major superior / lateral pectoral
d. Trapezius superior / spinal accessory
latissimus dorsi / thoracodorsal
You are testing a patients posterior neck extensor group of muscles. When testing the right side you find significant weakness. Which side is the head rotated to during
a right side test and what is the muscle involved in this problem.
a. Left / scalenus anticus
b. left / splenius capitis
c. right / longus capitis
d. right / splenius capitis
right / splenius capitis
The extremes that a muscle can be stretched and shorted are referred to as
a. extensibility
b. elasticity
c. amplitude
d. viscosity
amplitude
A spasm of the left superior trapezius will cause ____ translation with ____rotation to
the ____ side and lateral flexion to the ____
a. +z / right / left
b. +y / left / left
c. +z / left / right
d. +y / right / right
+z / right / left
When describing viscosity in muscles, when you increase the body temperature you _____
a. increase the viscosity
b. decrease the viscosity
c. viscosity remains constant
d. destroy muscle tissue
decrease the viscosity
While examining a patient in your office you notice that when you push the lateral thigh near the hip joint towards internal rotation against resistance the patient is unable to hold strong for the muscle test. Hip abductor and flexor muscle tests are unremarkable. The ____ muscle would be involved and its innervation is the ____ nerve
a. Piriformis / sacral plexus
b. sartorius / femoral
c. gluteus medius / superior gluteal
d. psoas / lumbar plexus
Piriformis / sacral plexus
Pronation and supination of the forearm occur in the ____ plane around the ___ coordinate
a. Horizontal / y
b. transverse / z
c. sagittal / x
d. frontal / y
Horizontal / y
Which of the following is not a contraindication to muscle testing?
a. fractures
b. chronic dislocation
c.
Osteoporosis
A patient presents in your office complaining of right shoulder pain. he tells you he fell and has been a pitcher on his baseball team form many years. The ___ muscle
would be suspects and it’s motion is in a ____ plane around the ____ coordinate
a. supraspinatus / frontal / z
b. infraspinatus / coronal / x
c. teres minor / horizontal / y
d. subscapularis / transverse / z
teres minor / horizontal / y
A 45 year old woman presents to your office complaining of knee and posterior ankle pain. You notice she is wearing high heel shoes. She says she has worn high heels shoes everyday for many years. Further tests reveal decreased range of motion on ankle dorsiflexion and she is not able to fully extend the knee. Which muscle is most
likely involved
a. gastrocnemius
b. tibialis anterior
c. extensor hallicus longus
d. soleus
tibialis anterior
You are evaluating a toddler on the title board. IF the board is tilted to the right the
toddlers ____arm and leg should ____ to the ____.
a. left / adduct / right
b. left / abduct / left
c. right / adduct / right
d. right / abduct / left
TBA
You are evaluating a patient in your office and conclude that there is a very good
possibility that he has shortened tensor fascia lata muscle on the left. Your
chiropractic findings would most likely show a genu ___ with a ___ short leg
a. valgus / left
b. valgus / right
c. varus / right
d. varus / left
valgus / left
A patient presents in your office with left upper trapezius s spasm. He says he woke
up with spasm this morning. Biomechanically he would present in your office with his
head in ____ lateral flexion ____ rotation and ____ translation
a. left / left / -z
b. right / right / -z
c. left / right / +z
d. right / left / +z
left / right / +z
You notice your patient has a hypolordosis. You would have them
a. stretch hamstrings / strengthen psoas
b. strengthen abdominal / stretch erector spinae
c. stretch psoas / stretch iliocoastalis
d. stretch biceps femoris / strengthen abdominals
stretch hamstrings / strengthen psoas
The tricep surae muscle group refers to which of the following?
a. tricep brachii
b. psoas / piriformis / sartorius
c. peroneus longus / brevis / tertius
d. gastrocnemius / soleus
gastrocnemius / soleus
The ability of a muscle to stretch is referred to as?
a. irritability
b. elasticity
c. amplitude
d. extensibility
extensibility
A patient presents in your office stating that she is having difficulty holding her fork and the cafeteria tray with her food on it. She is also complaining of pain at the proximal lateral aspect of her forearm. Which muscle when evaluated would be the most like cause of her problem?
a. Pronator quadratus
b. pronator teres
c. extensor carpi ulnaris
d. supinator
Supinator
Which of the following muscles is not involved in the action of horizontal flexion of the shoulder?
a. biceps
b. anterior deltoids
c. pectoralis major superior
d. coracobrachialis
Biceps
A 4 month old baby when reaching for a toy her mother is holding over exhibits spasticity motions when reaching for it. This would indicate a problem with which of
the following?
a. smoothness
b. rhythm
c. symmetry
d. all are correct
rhythm
Abduction and adduction of the hip occur in a _____ plane around the ____ coordinate and the ___ axis
a. frontal / x / a-p
b. sagittal / z / bilateral
c. horizontal / y / longitudinal
d. coronal / z / sagittal
coronal / z / sagittal
Inversion and eversion of the ankle occur in a _____ plane around a ___ axis and ___ coordinate
a. Coronal / ap / z
b. frontal / bilateral / z
c. transverse / vertical
d. horizontal / ap / y
Coronal / ap / z
A patient comes into your office in the winter with layers of clothes on and is complaining of pain in his knee, ankle, and hip on the right. Which of the following would be the most likely indicator during your supine leg checks to indicate a gait problem?
a. transverse shoe creases
b. right gluteus maximus muscle atrophy
c. left gluteus maximus muscle atrophy
d. oblique shoe creases
oblique shoe creases
The insertion of the psoas muscle in the \_\_\_\_ trochanter and its actions are \_\_\_ and \_\_\_ a. lesser / flexion / adduction b. greater / flexion /adduction c. lesser / flexion / abduction d. greater / flexion / adduction
lesser / flexion / abduction
In a patient with a hyperlordosis you would find
a. tight quadriceps / weak abdominals
b. strong rectus femoris / weak erector spinae
c. strong biceps femoris / weak psoas
d. weak gluteus maximus / weak sartorius
tight quadriceps / weak abdominals
A patient presents in your office with a severe rhomboid weakness. This could indicate ___ of the scapula with a ___ nerve insufficiency.
a. Winging / dorsal scapular
b. flaring / dorsal scapular
c. winging / thoracodorsal
d. flaring / long thoracic
flaring / dorsal scapular
41.If the dorsiflexors of the foot are weak this would be most evident during ____ in the___ phase of the gait cycle.
a. foot-flat / stance
b. heel strike / stance
c. deceleration / swing
d. toe-off / swing
heel strike / stance
Most problems during the gait cycle occur in the ____ phase because of ____
a. swing / hip problems
b. stance / full weight bearing
c. stance / weak hamstrings
d. swing / weak quadriceps
stance / full weight bearing
A weakened left gluteus maximus will cause a \_\_\_\_ leg and a genu \_\_\_ presentation. a. right long / valgus b. left long / valgus c. left short / valgus d. right short / varus
left long / valgus
The knee should remain \_\_\_\_ during all components of the stance phase except \_\_\_\_\_ a. extended / toe off b. flexed / heel strike c. flexed / mid stance d. flexed / toe off
extended / toe off
The components of the stance phase form beginning to the end occur in which order?
a. heel strike, midstance, foot-flat, push off
b. push-off, heel strike, foot flat, midstance
c. midstance, foot-flat, push-off, heel strike
d. heel strike, foot-flat, midstance, push off
heel strike, foot-flat, midstance, push off
A right shortened upper trapezius muscle will biomechanically cause the head to
rotate to the ___ and laterally flex to the ____ with ___ translation
a. left/ right / +z
b. left/ left / +x
c. right / left / +z
d. right / right / +x
left/ right / +z
If a patient has a shortened piriformis on the right biomechanically it can cause a
genu ____ deformity on the ___ side
a. varus / left
b. varus / right
c. valgus / right
d. valgus / left
varus / right
The normal width of the base during gait is \_\_\_\_ inches with a \_\_\_\_ normal step length of \_\_\_\_ inches a. 3-6 / 12 b. 2-4 /12 c. 3-6 /15 d. 2-4 / 15
2-4 / 15
The components of the swing phase from beginning to end occur in which order?
a. acceleration , distance, deceleration
b. push-off, acceleration, deceleration
c. mid-swing, acceleration, deceleration
d. acceleration , mid-swing, deceleration
acceleration , mid-swing, deceleration
The C5 facilitating muscle is the ____ while the inhibitor is the ___
a. brachioradialis / bicep
b. bicep /brachioradialis
c. brachioradialis / tricep
d. middle deltoids / tricep
brachioradialis / tricep
