Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 1 > muscle charts (spine/LE) > Flashcards

muscle charts (spine/LE) Flashcards

1
Q

erector spinae

A

intermediate back layer

  • attachments: TLF attached to sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous ligament, angles of ribs > costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs and transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)
    • spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
    • longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
    • iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
  • action: extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

semispinalis

A

deep, transversospinales group

  • attachments: transverse processes > distant superior spinous processes
    • semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
  • action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

multifidus

A

deep, transversospinales group

  • attachments: sacrum, posterior SI ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes > more superior spinous processes
    • multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
  • action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rotatores longus and brevis

A

deep, transversospinales group

  • attachments: transverse processes > spinous processes of vertebra above (1-2 levels)
  • action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
  • innervation: dorsal rami of nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

interspinales

A

deep

  • attachments: between adjacent spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
    • cervical: 6
    • thoracic: 2-3
    • lumbar: 4
  • action: extension of spine
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

intertransversarii

A

deep

  • attachments: between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
  • action: lateral flexion of spine
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

splenius cervicis

A

superficial

  • attachments: spinous process of T3-T6 > posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 3 cervical vertebrae
  • action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of head and neck
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

splenius capitis

A

superficial

  • attachments: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of T4-C7 > lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
  • action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
  • innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

longus colli

A
  • attachments: anterior tubercles and bodies T3-C3 > anterior tubercles and bodies C6-C1
  • action: flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
  • innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves (C2-7)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

longus capitis

A
  • attachments: anterior tubercles C3-C6 > basilar portion occipital bone
  • action: flexion, ipsilateral rotation
  • innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerve (C1-3)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

latissimus dorsi

A
  • attachments: lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest > floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • action: adduction, extension, medial rotation of humerus
  • innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

levator scapulae

A
  • attachments: transverse processes of C1-4 > superior angle and superomedial border of scapula
  • action: elevation and downward rotation of scapula
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) - sensory C3-4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rhomboids

A
  • attachments: spinous processes T2-3, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T1 > medial border of scapula
  • action: scapular retraction, elevation and upward rotation
  • innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) - sensory C3-4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

trapezius

A
  • attachments: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, cervical and thoracic spinous processes > clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
  • action: scap elevation, retraction, depression, upward rotation
  • innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI) - sensory C3-4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

extrinsic superficial muscle layer

A

axio-appendicular

  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids

CN XI/ventral rami of spinal nn. to dorsum of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extrinsic intermediate muscles

A
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior

intercostal nn. at corresponding levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

intrinsic superficial muscles

A
  • splenius capitis
  • splenius cervicis

dorsal rami of spinal nn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

intrinsic intermediate layer

A

erector spinae

  • spinalis
    • thoracis, cervicis, (semi) capitis
  • longissimus
    • capitis, cervicis, thoracis
  • iliocostalis
    • cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

lateral br. of dorsal rami of spinal nn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

intrinsic deep layer

A
  • semi spinalis
    • capitis, thoracis, cervicis
  • multifidus
  • rotatores
    • longus, brevis
  • interspinales, intertransversarii
    • function in proprioception

dorsal rami of spinal nn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adductor brevis

A
  • attachments: inferior pubic ramus > distal 2/3 pectineal line, medial lip linea aspera
  • action: adducts and flexes hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

adductor longus

A
  • attachments: pubic crest > medial lip linea aspera
  • action: adduction, medial rotation, flexion of hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adductor magnus

A
  • attachments: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity >
    • hamstring: medial supracondylar ridge, adductor tubercle of femur
    • adductor: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
  • action:
    • hamstring: extends hip
    • adductor: adducts and flexes hip
  • innervation:
    • hamstring: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S1)
    • adductor: obturator nerve (L2-4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

gracilis

A
  • attachments: body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus > medial surface of tibia (lateral to sartorius inseration, distal to condyle, proximal to semitendinosus insertion)
  • action:
    • flexes and medially rotates knee
    • adducts hip
  • innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pectineus

A
  • attachments: superior pubic ramus > femur between lesser trochanter and linea aspera (pectineal line)
  • action: adducts, flexes hip
  • innervation: femoral nerve and obturator nerve (L2-4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
obturator externus
* attachments: ramis of pubis and ischium, external surface obturator membrane * action: laterally rotates hip * innervation: obturator nerve (L3-4)
26
biceps femoris
* attachments: * long head: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament \> lateral side of fibular head * short head: lateral lip of linia aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge \> lateral side of fibular head * action: * LH: extends hip, flexes and laterally rotates knee * SH: flexes and laterally rotates knee * innervation: * LH: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S3) * SH: fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
27
semitendinosus
* attachments: ischial tuberosity \> proximal, medial tibia * action: extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee * innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S2)
28
semimembranosus
* attachments: ischial tuberosity \> posterior medial tibial condyle * action: extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee * innervation: tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L4-S2)
29
extensor digitorum longus
* attachments: lateral tibial condyle, proximal 3/4 of fibula, CIM \> dorsal digital expansions of toes 2-5 * action: dorsiflexes ankle, extends digits 2-5 MP and IP * innervation: deep fibular (L4-S1)
30
extensor hallucis longus
* attachments: middle 1/2 of fibular surface, CIM \> distal phalangeal base of 1st toe * action: dorsiflexes ankle, extends great toe MP and IP * innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
31
fibularis tertius
* attachments: distal fibula, CIM \> base of 5th metatarsal * action: everts foot, dorsiflexes ankle * innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
32
tibialis anterior
* attachments: lateral condyle, proximal 2/3 of lateral tibial surface, CIM \> medial cuneiform, adjacent 1st metatarsal * action: dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot * innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
33
fibularis longus
* attachments: head and proximal 2/3 of fibula \> lateral aspects of 1st metatarsal, adjacent medial cuneiform * action: everts foot, plantar flexes ankle, depresses 1st metatarsal head * innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)
34
fibularis brevis
* attachments: distal 2/3 of fibula \> lateral base of 5th metatarsal * action: everts foot, plantar flexes ankle * innervation: superficial fibular nerve (L4-S1)
35
flexor digitorum longus
* attachments: posterior tibia distal to soleal line \> plantar surface of distal phalangeal bases * action: plantar flexes ankle, flexes digits 2-5 MP and IP * innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
36
flexor hallucis longus
* attachments: distal 2/3 of posterior fibular surface, CIM \> plantar aspect of distal phalangeal base of 1st toe * action: plantar flexes ankle, flexes great toe (MP and IP) * innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
37
gastrocnemius
* attachments: posterior aspect of femoral condyles, joint capsule \> posterior calcaneal surface * action: flexes knee, plantar flexes ankle * innervation: tibial nerves (S1-2)
38
plantaris
* attachments: lateral supracondylar line \> posterior calcaneal surface * action: flexes knee, plantar flexes ankle * innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
39
popliteus
* attachments: lateral femoral condyle, oblique popliteal ligament \> soleal line of tibia * action: unlocks knee from extension into early flexion * NWB: medially rotates tibia and flexes knee * WB: laterally rotation of femur and knee * innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
40
soleus
* attachments: posterior aspect of head and proximal 1/4 of fibula, tibial soleal line \> posterior calcaneal surface * action: plantar flexes foot at ankle joint * innervation: tibial nerve (L5-S2)
41
tibialis posterior
* attachments: CIM, lateral tibial surface, medial fibular surface \> navicular, medial and intermediate cuneiform, bases of metatarsals 2-4 * action: inverts foot, plantar flexes ankle * innervation: tibial nerve (L4-S1)
42
superior gemellus
* attachments: external surface of ischial spine via obterator internus tendon \> greater trochanter * action: laterally rotates hip * innervation: sacral plexus (L5-S2)
43
inferior gemellus
* attachments: proximal ischial tuberosity via obturator internus tendon \> greater trochanter * action: laterally rotates hip * innervation: sacral plexus (L4-S1)
44
gluteus maximus
* attachments: aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, posterior gluteal line (innominate) \> greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract * action: hip extension, lateral rotation * innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
45
gluteus medius
* attachments: external iliac surface \> oblique ridge on lateral aspect of greater trochanter, gluteal aponeurosis * action: abducts and medially rotates hip, keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised * innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
46
gluteus minimus
* attachments: external iliac surface and margin of greater sciatic notch \> anterolateral aspect of greater trochanter * action: abducts and medially rotates hip, keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised * innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
47
obturator internus
* attachments: anterolateral wall of pelvis and obturator membrane \> medial surface of greater trochanter * action: laterally rotates hip * innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
48
piriformis
* attachments: anterolateral sacrum, posterior inferior iliac spine \> upper border of greater trochanter * action: abducts and laterally rotates hip * innervation: nerve to piriformis (S1-2)
49
quadratus femoris
* attachments: ischial tuberosity \> quadrate tubercle of femur * action: laterally rotates hip * innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1, sacral plexus)
50
iliacus (iliopsoas)
* attachments: iliac fossa, iliac crest, sacral ala, sacroiliac ligament \> lesser trochanter of femur * action: flexes and stabilizes hip joint * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
51
psoas major (iliopsoas)
* attachments: anterior transverse processes, vertebral bodies and discs (T12-L5) * action: flexes and stabilizes joint * innervation: ventral rami L1-4 (from lumbar plexus)
52
rectus femoris
* attachments: anterior iliac spine, groove superior to acetabulum \> base of patella * action: flexes hip, extends knee * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
53
sartorius
* attachments: anterior superior iliac spine \> medial aspect of proximal tibia * action: flexes/abducts/laterally rotates hip, flexes/assists medial rotation of knee * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-3)
54
tensor fasciae latae
* attachments: anterior superior iliac spine, external lip iliac crest \> iliotibial tract * action: abducts/flexes/medially rotates hip, assists in maintaining knee extension * innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
55
vastus intermedius
* attachments: anterior aspect of proximal 2/3 of femoral shaft \> lateral border patella * action: extends knee * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
56
vastus lateralis
* attachments: intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera \> base and lateral border of patella * action: extends knee * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
57
vastus medialis
* attachments: intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line \> base and medial border of patella * action: extends leg * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4)
58
articularis genu
can be blended with vastus intermedius * attachments: distal anterior shaft of femur \> proximal portion of synovial membrane of knee joint * action: pulls articular capsule proximally * innervation: femoral nerve (L2-4) - branch of nerve from vastus intermedius
59
abductor digiti minimi
* attachments: calcaneal tuberosity \> lateral side of proximal phalangeal base of 5th digit * action: abducts and flexes 5th digit * innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
60
abductor hallucis
* attachments: medial calcaneal tuberosity \> medial side of proximal phalangeal base of great toe * action: flexes and abducts great toe * innervation: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
61
adductor hallucis
* attachments: 2-4th metatarsal bases (oblique head), distal ends of 3-5 metatarsal (transverse head) \> lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe * action: adducts great toe * innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
62
extensor degitorum brevis
medial slip is extensor hallucis brevis * attachments: anterolateral calcaneus \> dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx (digit 1 for EHB), lateral side of tends of extensor digitorum longus (digits 2-4 for EDB) * action: extensions of digits 2-5 (MP and IP, EDB), extension of digit 1 (EHB) * innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
63
extensor hallucis brevis
* attachments: extensor digitorum brevis \> dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of hallux * action: extension of great toe at MP joint * innervation: deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
64
quadratus plantae
* attachments: medial surface of calcaneus, lateral process of calcaneal tuebrosity \> long flexor tendons * action: assists flexor digitorum longus * innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
65
flexor digitorum brevis
* attachments: medial process of calcaneal tuberosity \> sides of intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5 * action: flexes toes (proximal IP) * innervation: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
66
flexor digiti minimi brevis
* attachments: 5th metatarsal base \> proximal phalangeal base * action: flexion of 5th digit (MP) * innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
67
flexor hallucis brevis
* attachments: cuboid, tendon of tibialis posterior \> base of proximal phalanx of great toe * action: flexion of great toe (MP) * innervation: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1)
68
dorsal interossei
* attachments: metatarsal shafts \> proximal phalangeal bases, dorsal digit expansions of digits 2-4 * action: abducts and flexes MP joint of digits 2-4 * innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
69
plantar interossei
* attachments: plantar surface of base of metatarsals \> dorsal digital expansions of digits 3-5 * action: adducts and flexes MP digits 3-5 * innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)
70
lumbricals
* attachments: tendons of flexor digitorum longus \> medial sides of dorsal expansions of digits 2-5 * action: flexes proximal phalanges (MP), extends IP joint * innervation: * 1st: medial plantar nerve (L4-S1) * 2nd-4th: lateral plantar nerve (S1-2)

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions