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Anatomy > Muscle Attachment > Flashcards

Muscle Attachment Flashcards

1
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium; obturator membrane –> medial surface of greater trochanter

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus

Action: laterally rotates extended hip joint; abducts flexed hip joint; steadies femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

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2
Q

Piriformis

A

Pelvic surface of sacral segments 2-4; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament –> greater trochanter

Innervation: branches of anterior rami of S1, S2

Action: laterally rotates extended hip joint; abducts flexed hip joint; steadies femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

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3
Q

Psoas major

A

Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; vertebral bodies of T12-S1 vertebrae and intervening IV discs –> by a strong tendon to lesser trochanter

Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar nerves

Action: a postural muscle that helps control deviation of the trunk and is active during standing; acting with iliacus in flexing hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

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4
Q

Iliacus

A

Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments –> psoas major tendon, lesser trochanter and shaft inferior to it

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: acting with psoas major in flexing hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

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5
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes –> iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest

Innervation: twelfth thoracic and first through fourth ventral rami of lumbar nerves (T12, L1-L4)

Action: alone (unilateral), lateral flexion of vertebral column; together (bilateral), depression of thoracic rib cage

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6
Q

Pectineus

A

Superior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line of femur just inferior to lesser trochanter

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of hip joint

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7
Q

Sartorius

A

ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it –> superior part of medial surface of tibia

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip joint; flexes knee joint

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8
Q

Rectus femoris

A

AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum –> via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of patella; indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: extend knee joint; stabilizes (helps fix in position) hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

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9
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera –> patella and tibial tuberosity, and tibia and patella via aponeurosis (lateral patellar retinaculum)

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: extends knee joint

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10
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera –> patella and tibial tuberosity, and tibia and patella via aponeurosis (medial patellar retinaculum)

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: extends knee joint

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11
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur –> patella and tibial tuberosity

Innervation: femoral nerve

Action: extends knee joint

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12
Q

Adductor longus

A

Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest –> middle third of linea aspera

Innervation: obturator nerve

Action: adducts hip joint

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13
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera

Innervation: obturator nerve

Action: adducts hip joint and to some extent flexes it

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14
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium (adductor part); ischial tuberosity (hamstring part) –> gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor part); adductor tubercle (hamstring part)

Innervation: obturator nerve (adductor part), tibial part of sciatic nerve (hamstring part)

Action: adducts hip joint; its adductor part also flexes hip joint and its hamstring part extends it

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15
Q

Gracilis

A

Body and inferior ramus of pubis –> superior part of medial surface of tibia

Innervation: obturator nerve

Action: adducts hip joint; flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially

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16
Q

Obturator externus

A

Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane –> trochanteric fossa of femur

Innervation: obturator nerve

Action: laterally rotates hip joint; pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady

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17
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; and sacrotuberous ligament –> most fibers end in iliotibial tract, which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur

Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

Action: extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

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18
Q

Gluteus medius

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines –> lateral surface of greater trochanter

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: abducts and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated; posterior laterally rotates

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19
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines –> anterior surface of greater trochanter

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint and posterior portions laterally rotate the hip joint; keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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20
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

ASIS; anterior part of iliac crest –> iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (gerdy tubercle)

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

Action: flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint

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21
Q

Superior and inferior gemellus

A

Ischial tuberosity (inferior); ischial spine (superior) –> medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)

Innervation: nerve to obturator internus (superior), nerve to quadratus femoris (inferior)

Action: laterally rotates extended hip joint; abducts flexed hip joint; steadies femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)

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22
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity –> quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

Action: laterally rotates hip joint; also pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis

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23
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Ischial tuberosity –> medial surface of superior part of tibia

Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Action: extend hip joint; flex knee joint and rotate the leg medially when knee is flexed; when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk

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24
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity –> posterior part of medial condyle of tibia; reflected attachment forms oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)

Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve

Action: extend hip joint; flex knee joint and rotate the leg medially when knee is flexed; when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk

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25
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur –> lateral side of head of fibula; tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament

Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (long head), common fibular division of sciatic nerve (short head)

Action: flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed; extends hip joint

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26
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane –> medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Action: dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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27
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane –> dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Action: extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle

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28
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane –> middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Action: extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle

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29
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane –> dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation: deep fibular nerve

Action: dorsiflexes ankle; aids in eversion of foot

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30
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula –> base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Action: evert foot; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports transverse arch of foot

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31
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

Middle part of lateral surface of fibula –> dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

Innervation: superficial fibular nerve

Action: plantarflexes and everts foot

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32
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur (lateral head); popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle –> posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended; raises heel during walking; and flexes knee joint

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33
Q

Soleus

A

Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line, and medial border of tibia –> posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexes ankle; steadies leg on foot

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34
Q

Plantaris

A

Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament –> posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle; function is probably mainly proprioceptive

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35
Q

Popliteus

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus (intra-articular; within cavity of knee joint) –> posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

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36
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane –> base of distal phalanx of hallux

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: flexes great toe at all joints; weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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37
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula –> distal phalanges

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: flexes lateral four digits; plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of the foot

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38
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, and posterior surface of fibula –> primarily to tuberosity of navicular; also cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

Innervation: tibial nerve

Action: plantarflexes ankle; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

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39
Q

Abductor hallucis

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis –> medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Action: abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux) (at MCP joint)

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40
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa –> both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Action: flexes lateral four digits at PIP and MTP joints

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41
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa –> lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Action: abducts and flexes 5th digit at MTP joint

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42
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus –> posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Action: assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

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43
Q

Lumbricals (foot)

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus –> medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

Innervation: medial plantar nerve (medial one), lateral plantar nerve (lateral three)

Action: flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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44
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform –> both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

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45
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

Bases of metatarsals 2-4 (oblique head); plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints (transverse head) –> tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

Action: adducts 1st digit; assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

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46
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot)

A

Base of 5th metatarsal –> base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Innervation: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

Action: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit, thereby assisting with its flexion

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47
Q

Plantar interossei (three muscles)

A

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5 –> medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Action: adduct digits (3-5) and flex MTP joints

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48
Q

Dorsal interossei (foot; four muscles)

A

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5 –> medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit (first); lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits (second to fourth)

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Action: abduct digits (2-4) and flex MTP joints

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49
Q

External/internal/innermost intercostals

A

Inferior border of ribs –> superior border of ribs below

Innervation: intercostal nerve

Action: elevate ribs during forced inspiration (external); during forced inspiration: interosseous part depresses ribs and interchondral part elevates ribs (internal and innermost)

50
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

Posterior surface of lower sternum –> internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6

Innervation: intercostal nerve

Action: weakly depresses ribs

51
Q

Subcostal

A

Internal surface of lower ribs near their angles –> superior borders of 2nd or 3rd ribs below

Innervation: intercostal nerve

Action: during forced inspiration: interosseous part depresses ribs and interchondral part elevates ribs (same as internal)

52
Q

Levatores costarum

A

Transverse processes of C7-T11 –> subadjacent ribs between tubercle and angle

Innervation: posterior rami of C8-T11 nerves

Action: elevate ribs

53
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae –> superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs

Innervation: 2nd-5th intercostal nerves

Action: elevate ribs

54
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Inferior borders of 8th-12th ribs near their angles –> spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

Innervation: 9th-11th intercostal nerves, subcostal (T12) nerve

Action: depress ribs

55
Q

External obliques

A

External surface of ribs 5-12 –> linea alba, pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

Innervation: thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11) and subcostal nerve

Action: compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk

56
Q

Internal obliques

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament –> inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon

Innervation: thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11), subcostal nerve and first lumbar nerve

Action: compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk

57
Q

Transversus abdominus

A

Internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament –> linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, and pubis via conjoint tendon

Innervation: thoraco-abdominal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T11), subcostal nerve and first lumbar nerve

Action: compresses and supports abdominal viscera

58
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Pubic symphisis and pubic crest –> xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

Innervation: thoraco-abdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves)

Action: flexes trunk (lumbar vertebrae) and compresses abdominal viscera, stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis

59
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T6 –> superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves

Action: acting alone: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles; acting together: extend head and neck

60
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T6 –> tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3/C4

Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves

Action: acting alone: laterally flex neck and rotate head to side of active muscles; acting together: extend head and neck

61
Q

Erector spinae

A

Broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar spinous processes, and supraspinous ligament –> fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes (iliocostalis); fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions and to mastoid process of temporal bone (longissimus); fibers run superiorly to spinous processes in upper thoracic region and to cranium (spinalis)

Action: bilaterally: extend vertebral column and head, as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening fibers; unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column

62
Q

Semispinalis

A

Transverse processes of C4-T10 –> fibers run superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in upper thoracic and cervical regions, spanning 4-6 segments

Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves

Action: extends head, thoracic, and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally

63
Q

Multifidus

A

Thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass superomedially to entire length of spinous processes of vertebrae 2-4 segments superior to origin

Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves

Action: unilateral contraction rotates to contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

64
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus –> lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: relatively weak flexion of elbow, maximal with midpronated forearm

65
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus –> dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: extends and radially deviates wrist

66
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus –> dorsal aspect of 3rd metacarpal

Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extends and radially deviates wrist; also active during fist clenching

67
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus –> extensor expansions of middle four fingers

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extend wrist; extend middle four MCP joints (primarily) and IP joints (secondarily)

68
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus –> extensor expansion of 5th finger

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extends wrist and 5th finger at MCP joint (primarily) and IP joints (secondarily)

69
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Lateral epicondyle; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis –> dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: ulnar deviation and wrist extension (also active during fist clenching)

70
Q

Supinator

A

Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, and crest of ulna –> lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve

Action: supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)

71
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane –> base of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve; from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extends wrist; abducts and extends thumb at CMC joint

72
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane –> dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve; from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extends wrist; extends IP, MCP, and CMC joints

73
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane –> dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve; from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extends wrist; extends MCP and CMC joints

74
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane –> extensor expansion of 2nd finger

Innervation: posterior interosseous nerve; from deep branch of radial nerve

Action: extends wrist; extends 2nd finger (enabling its independent extension)

75
Q

Pronator teres

A

Coronoid process of ulna (ulnar head); medial epicondyle (humeral head) –> middle convexity of lateral surface of radius

Innervation: median nerve

Action: pronates and flexes forearm

76
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus –> base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal

Innervation: median nerve

Action: flexes and radially deviates wrist

77
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Medial epicondyle –> distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: median nerve

Action: flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

78
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Olecranon and posterior border of ulna (via aponeurosis) –> base of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: ulnar nerve

Action: wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

79
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna (humeroulnar head); oblique line of radius (radial head) –> shafts (bodies) of middle phalanges of medial four digits

Innervation: median nerve

Action: wrist flexion; flexes middle four PIP joints and MCP joints

80
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane –> bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Innervation: median nerve; anterior interosseous branch (lateral part), ulnar nerve (medial part)

Action: wrist flexion; flexes middle four DIP, PIP, and MCP joints

81
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane –> base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve

Action: wrist flexion; flexes IP and MCP joint of thumb

82
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Distal surface of anterior surface of ulna –> distal surface of anterior surface of radius

Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve

Action: pronates forearm; deep fibers bind ulna and radius together

83
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Tip of coracoid process of scapula (short head); supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head) –> tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Innervation: musculocutaneous

Action: supinates forearm and flexes elbow when supinated; flexes shoulder; short head resists dislocation

84
Q

Brachialis

A

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus –> coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Innervation: musculocutaneous

Action: flexes elbow

85
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Tip of coracoid process of scapula –> middle third of medial humerus

Innervation: musculocutaneous

Action: helps flex and adduct the shoulder; resists dislocation

86
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head); posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove (lateral head); posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove (medial head) –> proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: chief extensor of elbow; long head extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation (especially important during abduction)

87
Q

Anconeus

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus –> lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Innervation: radial nerve

Action: assists triceps in extending elbow joint; stabilizes elbow joint; abducts ulna during pronation

88
Q

Deltoid

A

Lateral third of clavicle (anterior); acromion (middle); spine of scapula (posterior) –> deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Innervation: axillary nerve

Action: clavicular (anterior): flexes and medially rotates shoulder; acromial (middle): abducts shoulder; spinal (posterior): extends and laterally rotates shoulder

89
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula –> superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Action: initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

90
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula –> middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Action: laterally rotates shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

91
Q

Teres minor

A

Middle part of lateral border of scapula –> inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Innervation: axillary nerve

Action: laterally rotates shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

92
Q

Teres major

A

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula –> medial lip of bicipital groove

Innervation: lower subscapular nerve

Action: adducts and medially shoulder

93
Q

Subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula) –> lesser tubercle of humerus

Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

Action: medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

94
Q

Trapezius

A

Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 –> lateral third of clavicle (upper); acromion (middle); spine of scapula (lower)

Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CNXI: motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)

Action: descending (superior): elevates scapula; ascending (inferior): depresses scapula; middle: retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

95
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Spinous processes of inferior six thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior three or four ribs –> floor of bicipital groove

Innervation: thoracodorsal

Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder joint; raises body toward arms during climbing

96
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Posterior tubercle of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae –> medial border of scapula, superior to root of spine

Innervation: dorsal scapular and cervical (C3, C4) spinal nerves

Action: elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

97
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 and T1 –> triangular area at medial end of spine of scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Action: retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall

98
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae –> medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Action: retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall

99
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of atlas –> medial inferior nuchal line

Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Action: extends skull on C1; stabilizes skull

100
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

Spinous process of axis –> inferior nuchal line (just lateral to minor)

Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Action: head extension (bilaterally); ipsilateral rotation (unilaterally)

101
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

A

Spinous process of axis –> lateral mass/transverse process of atlas

Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Action: ipsilateral neck rotation

102
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A

Lateral mass/transverse process of atlas –> lateral half of inferior nuchal line

Innervation: suboccipital nerve

Action: extend skull on C1 (bilaterally); contralateral rotation (unilaterally)

103
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium –> lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve

Action: oppose thumb; draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially

104
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium –> lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve

Action: abducts thumb; helps oppose it

105
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium –> lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve (superficial head), deep branch of ulnar nerve (deep head)

Action: flexes thumb at MCP joint

106
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals (oblique head); anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal (transverse head) –> medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

107
Q

Abductor digiti minimi (hand)

A

Pisiform –> medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: abducts 5th finger; assists in flexion of MCP joint

108
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum –> medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: flexes 5th MCP joint

109
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum –> medial border of 5th metacarpal

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th finger into opposition with thumb

110
Q

Lumbricals (hand)

A

Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles) (1 and 2); medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles) (3 and 4) –> lateral sides of extensor expansion of 2nd-5th fingers

Innervation: median nerve (1 and 2), deep branch of ulnar nerve (3 and 4)

Action: flex MCP joints; extend IP joints of 2nd-5th fingers

111
Q

Dorsal interossei (1-4) (hand)

A

Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles) –> bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th fingers

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: abduct 2nd-4th fingers from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints

112
Q

Palmar interossei (1-3)

A

Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles) –> bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers

Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve

Action: adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th fingers towards axial line; assists lumbricals in flexing MCP joints and extending IP joints

113
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Anterior surface of medial half of clavicle (clavicular head); anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle (sternal head) –> lateral lip of intertubercular groove

Innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerve

Action: flex shoulder (clavicular head); adduction, horizontal adduction, extension and medial rotation of shoulder (sternal head)

114
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages –> medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Innervation: medial pectoral nerve (and lateral)

Action: stabilizes scapula (pulling inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall) and elevates ribs during inspiration

115
Q

Subclavius

A

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage –> inferior surface of middle third of clavicle

Innervation: subclavian nerve

Action: depression of clavicle, elevation of 1st rib

116
Q

Serratus anterior

A

External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8 –> anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

117
Q

Temporalis

A

Temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull and the superior temporal surface of the sphenoid bone –> coronoid process of the mandible and retromolar fossa

Innervation: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CNV)

Action: elevates mandible (closing jaw); posterior fibers retract mandible

118
Q

Masseter

A

Zygomatic arch and maxillary process of zygomatic bone –> angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible, coronoid process

Innervation: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CNV)

Action: elevates mandible

119
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth (deep head); pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity (superficial head) –> medial angle of the mandible

Innervation: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CNV)

Action: acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible; contributes to protrusion; alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements

120
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Infratemporal surface of sphenoid bone (superior head); lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head) –> anterior side of the condyle (superior head); pterygoid fovea (inferior head)

Innervation: anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CNV)

Action: bilaterally: protracts mandible and depresses chin; unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side; alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements

121
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Manubrium and medial portion of the clavicle –> mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line

Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CNXI; motor), C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

Action: unilateral: same side lateral flexion and rotation so face is turned superiorly to opposite side; bilateral: extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints, flexes cervical vertebrae so chin approaches manubrium, or extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior cervical vertebrae so chin is thrust forward while head is level; may assist pump-handle action by elevating manubrium and medial end of clavicles with cervical vertebrae fixed

Anatomy (1 decks)

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