Muscle

Question 1

What are 4 keys features of muscle?

Answer 1

Thermogenesis
Mobility
Circulation
Bodily functions (Digestion, Respiration, Urination, Vision, Childbirth)

Question 2

What is Myalgia?

Answer 2

Muscle pain

Question 3

What is Myasthenia?

Answer 3

Muscle weakness

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 4

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

Question 5

What is Myopathy?

Answer 5

Any disease of the muscles

Question 6

What is Myoclonus?

Answer 6

Sudden spam of muscles

Question 7

What is a Sarcolemma?

Answer 7

Outer membrane of a muscle cell

Question 8

What is a Sarcoplam?

Answer 8

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 9

What is the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 9

SER of a muscle cell

Question 10

What muscle type is under involuntary control?

Answer 10

Cardiac and Smooth

Question 11

What muscle type has fusiform shape?

Answer 11

Smooth

Question 12

What muscle type has cylindrical shape?

Answer 12

Skeletal (long)(arranged into fascicles) and Cardiac (short)

Question 13

What type of muscle is striated?

Answer 13

Skeletal and Cardiac

Question 14

What muscle type has multinucleated, peripheral nuclei?

Answer 14

Skeletal

Question 15

What muscle type has single central nuclei?

Answer 15

Smooth

Question 16

What muscle type has rapid forceful contractions?

Answer 16

Skeletal

Question 17

What muscle type has variable rhythmic contractions?

Answer 17

Cardiac

Question 18

What muscle type has slow, sustained or rhythmic contractions?

Answer 18

Smooth

Question 19

What muscle type can undergo mitosis?

Answer 19

Smooth

Question 20

Hypertrophy can be achieved by both __ and __ muscle types, via __ and __.

Answer 20

Skeletal and Cardiac.

Satellite cells and sarcomerogenesis.

Question 21

Red fibers are mainly found in which muscles?

Answer 21

Postural muscles

Question 22

White fibers are mainly found in which muscles?

Answer 22

Extraocullar muscles

Question 23

Intermediate fibers are mainly found in which muscles?

Answer 23

Major leg muscles

Question 24

What fiber type is responsible for slow movements?

Answer 24

Red

Question 25

What fiber type is responsible for fast movements?

Answer 25

White

Question 26

What type of respiration occurs in White fibers?

Answer 26

Anaerobic

Question 27

What type of respiration occurs in Red fibers?

Answer 27

Oxidative Phosphorylation (Aerobic)

Question 28

What CT surrounds bundles of fascicles? (outer most layer, contiguous with tendon)

Answer 28

Epimysium

Question 29

What CT surrounds each fascicle?

Answer 29

Perimysium

Question 30

What CT surrounds each individual muscle fiber?

Answer 30

Endomysium

Question 31

Form: In __ muscles, the origin is wider than the point of insertion.

Answer 31

Convergent

Question 32

Give an example of a convergent muscle.

Answer 32

Pectoralis major

Question 33

Give an example of a circular muscle.

Answer 33

Sphincter

Question 34

Parallel-fusiform muscles like the __ are __ in the middle

Answer 34

Biceps. Wider

Question 35

The rectus femoris has which form?

Answer 35

Bipennate

Question 36

The deltoid has which form?

Answer 36

Multipennate

Question 37

Unipennate muscles have their fibers arranged in a __ direction onto the tendon.

Answer 37

Diagonal

Question 38

The Sartorius muscle has which form?

Answer 38

Parallel (non-fusiform)

Question 39

What muscle type has central nuclei?

Answer 39

Cardiac (1 or 2) and Smooth

Question 40

What are the contractile unit of skeletal muscle?

Answer 40

Sarcomere

Question 41

What are Z discs made of?

Answer 41

Actin

Question 42

I bands have actin, whereas A bands have __

Answer 42

Mixture of actin and myosin

Question 43

What do Z discs delineate?

Answer 43

Sarcomere

Question 44

What band is found inside the light H band?

Answer 44

M band

Question 45

What is the main component of thick filaments?

Answer 45

Myosin

Question 46

What is the main component of thin filaments? What are the other 2 components?

Answer 46

Actin. | Troponin and Tropomyosin

Question 47

What triggers the contraction process?

Answer 47

Increase in intracellular calcium

Question 48

Describe the contraction process.

Answer 48

Increase in intracellular calcium > causes conformational change to tropomyosin > reveals myosin-binding sites on actin molecule > actin and myosin can now interact