Muscarinic Antagonists Flashcards
What are muscarinic antagonists?
Medication that prevents muscarinic receptors from being stimulated by acetylcholine
Give some uses of atropine
It blocks rest and digest effect from parasympathetic system.
Can be used to treat bradycardia
Decrease bladder smooth muscle contraction to prevent nocturnal enurisis
Can also be used to dilate the pupils.
Antidote for poisoning by acetylcholinesterases.
What are the side effects of Atropine?
side effects, atropine can produce: tachycardia, or increased heart rate; constipation and urinary retention; dry mouth, skin and eyes; and blurry vision.
The more severe side effects include hyperthermia, dizziness, confusion, and delirium.
What is oxybutinin used for
Oxybutynin works on muscarinic receptors in the bladder, where they decrease detrusor muscle spasms and prevent urge incontinence, or involuntary urination due to an overactive bladder.
What is the use of ipratropium and tiotropium
ipratropium and tiotropium work as bronchodilators.
They are given via inhalers, they enter the lungs and bind to muscarinic receptors on the tracheal and bronchial smooth muscles, causing smooth muscle relaxation and dilation of the bronchi. making them effective in relieving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD for short, and asthma.
What sets them apart, mainly, is their duration of action. Ipratropium is short acting, while tiotropium is long acting.
What does scopolamine do?
Scopolamine prevents the action of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the vomiting center of the brainstem. This makes it effective in preventing motion sickness during travel, or nausea and vomiting after surgery
What are benztropine and trihexyphenidyl used for and where?
benztropine and trihexyphenidyl are mainly active in the striatum, which is a part of the basal ganglia in the brain.
usually there’s a balance of signaling between dopamine and acetylcholine in the striatum. Parkinson’s disease, increases the relative amount of acetylcholine signalling there. Therefore they can be given to restore the balance of cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling, and improve the tremors seen in Parkinson’s disease.
