musc/skel

Question 1

Musculoskeletal systems consist of:

Answer 1

of bones, muscles, and joints

Muscles account for 40% - 50% of body, and when contracting they produce movement

Question 2

Skeletal muscles produce which type of movement? (p. 578)

Answer 2

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation
Supination
Circumduction
Inversion
Eversion
Rotation
Protraction
Elevation
Depression

Question 3

Muscles vary in size and strength in different people due to :

Answer 3

genetic programming, nutrition and exercise.

Question 4

Osteoporosis:

Answer 4

– the effect of gradual loss of bone density

Question 5

Women more than men d/t:

Answer 5

5 years after menopause lack of estrogen leads to accelerated bone loss

Question 6

Postural changes evident with:

Answer 6

aging, especially height (decrease) why?

Shortening of vertebral caused by loss of water content and thinning disk

Question 7

Sedentary lifestyle:

Answer 7

quickens musculoskeletal changes in the aging

Question 8

Physical exercise increases:

Answer 8

skeletal mass and helps prevent/delay osteoporosis

Question 9

Physical exercise can delay or prevent:

Answer 9

bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Question 10

Best way to prevent osteoporosis:

Answer 10

Fast walking (hip fracture prevention)

Question 11

Physical activity improves muscle strength to prevent:

Answer 11

falls, increase balance, posture control, decrease back pain, increase quality of life

Question 12

he aging adult who participates in physical activity program with:

Answer 12

resistance, balance, and functional training has significant increase in strength, flexibility.
Flexibility and balance remained improved at the end of 3 month of detraining.

Question 13

Joint pain/loss of function, most common with:

Answer 13

musculoskeletal concern to seek care

Question 14

RA:

Answer 14

Pain worse in morning when arising
Stiffness occurs in the morning & after rest periods
Movement decreases pain

Question 15

Osteoarthritis:

Answer 15

Is worse later in day

Question 16

Tendinitis:

Answer 16

Worse in the morning, improves during day

Question 17

functional assessment:

Answer 17

Important (why?) – screens safety of independent living, home health? SNF? Acute rehab?
Joints or muscles prevent pt from bathing, toileting, dressing, grooming, eating, mobility, communicating?
Asses any self-care deficit
Use of assistive devices to ambulate (cane, walker, rollator?)
History of falls increases risk of falling in future

Question 18

PCC:

Answer 18

Tell me about you exercise program

Taking any pain meds for musculoskeletal pain

Question 19

Health promotion – smoking:

Answer 19

increases bone loss and risk of fracture in older women

Question 20

Health promotion – alcohol ( moderate to heavy):

Answer 20

increases fall risk to men and women

Question 21

When is it appropriate for complete musculoskeletal exam?

Answer 21

Problems with ADL’s

Musculoskeletal symptoms

Question 22

After transferring pt

Answer 22

Assess circulation, sensation, movement

Question 23

Warmth and tenderness –

Answer 23

sign of inflammation

Question 24

Assess for ROM:

Answer 24

limited ROM sign of joint disease,? contracture

Question 25

Spine-

Answer 25

enhanced thoracic curve, or kyphosis common in the aging adult
Pronounced lumbar curve common in obese people

Question 26

Adolescence :

Answer 26

Kyphosis common because of chronic poor posture

Sport related injuries common at this age

Question 27

Aging adult:

Answer 27

Kyphosis common, backward head tilt to compensate

Question 28

Get up and go test-

Answer 28

Rise from armchair, walk 10 feet, turn, walk back and sit down if done > 10 secs + fall history and mobility issues increases risk for future falling

Question 29

Osteoporosis:

Answer 29

Not a part of normal aging
Bones of wrist, hip, spine most often affected
Prevention / health promotion important, why ? ( osteoporosis is treatable, but no cure)
Protect bones by eating a well-balanced diet, regular exercise, avoid smoking, limit alcohol intake
Getting enough vit D and calcium
Our body does not produce new calcium – must come from food, if not body will take calcium from bones.
Connection between vit D and Calcium- body needs vit D to absorb calcium