musc/skel Flashcards
Musculoskeletal systems consist of:
of bones, muscles, and joints
Muscles account for 40% - 50% of body, and when contracting they produce movement
Skeletal muscles produce which type of movement? (p. 578)
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Pronation Supination Circumduction Inversion Eversion Rotation Protraction Elevation Depression
Muscles vary in size and strength in different people due to :
genetic programming, nutrition and exercise.
Osteoporosis:
– the effect of gradual loss of bone density
Women more than men d/t:
5 years after menopause lack of estrogen leads to accelerated bone loss
Postural changes evident with:
aging, especially height (decrease) why?
Shortening of vertebral caused by loss of water content and thinning disk
Sedentary lifestyle:
quickens musculoskeletal changes in the aging
Physical exercise increases:
skeletal mass and helps prevent/delay osteoporosis
Physical exercise can delay or prevent:
bone loss in postmenopausal women.
Best way to prevent osteoporosis:
Fast walking (hip fracture prevention)
Physical activity improves muscle strength to prevent:
falls, increase balance, posture control, decrease back pain, increase quality of life
he aging adult who participates in physical activity program with:
resistance, balance, and functional training has significant increase in strength, flexibility.
Flexibility and balance remained improved at the end of 3 month of detraining.
Joint pain/loss of function, most common with:
musculoskeletal concern to seek care
RA:
Pain worse in morning when arising
Stiffness occurs in the morning & after rest periods
Movement decreases pain
Osteoarthritis:
Is worse later in day
Tendinitis:
Worse in the morning, improves during day
functional assessment:
Important (why?) – screens safety of independent living, home health? SNF? Acute rehab?
Joints or muscles prevent pt from bathing, toileting, dressing, grooming, eating, mobility, communicating?
Asses any self-care deficit
Use of assistive devices to ambulate (cane, walker, rollator?)
History of falls increases risk of falling in future
PCC:
Tell me about you exercise program
Taking any pain meds for musculoskeletal pain
Health promotion – smoking:
increases bone loss and risk of fracture in older women
Health promotion – alcohol ( moderate to heavy):
increases fall risk to men and women
When is it appropriate for complete musculoskeletal exam?
Problems with ADL’s
Musculoskeletal symptoms
After transferring pt
Assess circulation, sensation, movement
Warmth and tenderness –
sign of inflammation
Assess for ROM:
limited ROM sign of joint disease,? contracture
Spine-
enhanced thoracic curve, or kyphosis common in the aging adult
Pronounced lumbar curve common in obese people
Adolescence :
Kyphosis common because of chronic poor posture
Sport related injuries common at this age
Aging adult:
Kyphosis common, backward head tilt to compensate
Get up and go test-
Rise from armchair, walk 10 feet, turn, walk back and sit down if done > 10 secs + fall history and mobility issues increases risk for future falling
Osteoporosis:
Not a part of normal aging
Bones of wrist, hip, spine most often affected
Prevention / health promotion important, why ? ( osteoporosis is treatable, but no cure)
Protect bones by eating a well-balanced diet, regular exercise, avoid smoking, limit alcohol intake
Getting enough vit D and calcium
Our body does not produce new calcium – must come from food, if not body will take calcium from bones.
Connection between vit D and Calcium- body needs vit D to absorb calcium
