Musc/ Sk. Flashcards
Axillary nerve What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor sign? Sensory deficit?
C5-6 Fractured neck of the humerus or ant. dislocation of the humeral head Poor adduction at shoulder Sensory loss over deltoid. Atrophied deltoid.
Radial nerve: What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
C5-T1
Mid shaft humeral fracture, crutches or passing out with axilla on back of chair
BEST extensors- brachioradialis, extensors of the wrist and fingers, supinator, triceps -> this causes wrist drop
Sensory loss on posterior arm & dorsal hand/ thumb
Median nerve What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
C5-T1
Supracondylar humerus fracture (proximal median nerve lesion)- inability to make a fist w/ 2nd and 3rd digits due to loss of forearm flexors, also median claw. Loss of thumb function and thenar atrophy. Also some loss of wrist flexion (ulnar deviation when flexing wrist) Sensory- lose feeling on lateral 3 fingers.
Flexor retinaculum (CTS) = distal median nerve lesion. Ulnar claw, may still have sensation? Can still make a fist d/t forearm flexors.
Ulnar nerve What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
C8, T1
Medial epicondyle fracture = proximal nerve lesion
Cant make fist with 4th and 5th digits. Ulnar claw. Lose some wrist flexion (will show radial deviation when flexing wrist). Loss of sensation on 5th digit and hypothenar eminence.
Hook of hamate = distal ulnar nerve lesion (Guyons canal). Ulnar claw.
Both of these lesions also lose interosseous muscle function. PAD and DAB -> adduction and abduction of fingers respectively
Musculocutaneous nerve What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
C5-7
Upper trunk compression
Flexion at forearm
Lateral forearm sensory loss
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? What are their functions
Supraspinatus (most commonly injured)- 1st 10 degrees of arm abduction
Infraspinatus- laterally rotates (pitching injury)
Teres minor- laterally rotates; adducts
Subscapularis- medially rotates; adducts
What injury causes Erb-Duchenne palsy? deficits?
Erbs-Duchenne and upper trunk (C5-6) both have vowels.
Arm hangs by side (loss of abductors -> deltoid and supraspinatus), medially rotate (loss of lateral rotators -> infraspinatus and teres minor) and pronated (loss of biceps). = WAITERS TIP
Can be seen after delivering a baby or trauma.
What injury causes Klumpke’s? Defecit
Lower trunk injury (Klumpke monkey)
- compressed by cervical rib
- Pancoast tumor
- trying to grab tree branch while falling
Thenar and hypothenar atrophy
Total claw hand and atrophy of interosseous muscles
Sensory deficits on medial forearm and hand
Cant make fist
Lose radial pulse when turning head toward ipsilateral side
Long thoracic nerve injury What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
C5-7
Mastectomy, penetrating axillary wounds
Serratus anterior -> used to abduct arm above 90 degrees
Also get winged scapula
Obturator What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
L2-4
Ant. hip dislocation
Loss of thigh adduction
Sensory deficit on medial thigh
Femoral What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
L2-4
Pelvic fracture
Loss of thigh flexion and leg extension (patellar reflex)
Anterior thigh sensory defecits
Common peroneal What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
L4-S3
Lateral leg trauma/ compression of fibular neck fracture
Superficial peroneal -> foot eversion and dorsal foot sensation
Deep peroneal -> foot dorsiflexion (foot drop)
Tibial What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
L4-S3
Knee Trauma
Foot inversion and Plantarflexion; toe flexion
Sensation on sole of foot
Superior gluteal nerve What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
L4-S1 Gluteus medius and minimus Posterior hip dislocation or polio Thigh abduction (holds opposite hip up) Trendelenburg sign- contralateral hip drops when leg ipsilateral to lesion
Inferior gluteal nerve What nerve roots? What injuries? Motor deficit? Sensory deficit?
L5-S2 Gluteus maximus Posterior hip dislocation Thigh extension and external rotation Cant jump, climb stairs or stand up from seated position
