Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal > Musc Pharm > Flashcards

Musc Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin: mech

A

Irreversibly inhibits COX1 and COX2 by covalent acetylation, which decreases synthesis of TXA2 and prostaglandins.
Increases bleeding time until new platelets are produces (~7days)
No effect on PT, PTT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aspirin: uses

A

Low dose (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aspirin: tox

A

Gastric ulceration, tinnitus (CN VIII)
Chronic use can lead to acute renal failure, intersitial nephritis, and upper GI bleeding.
Risk of Reye syndrome in children treated with aspirin for viral infection.
Stimulates respiratory centers, causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aspirin: tox

A

Gastric ulceration, tinnitus (CN VIII)
Chronic use can lead to acute renal failure, intersitial nephritis, and upper GI bleeding.
Risk of Reye syndrome in children treated with aspirin for viral infection.
Stimulates respiratory centers, causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NSAIDS:

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NSAIDS mech:

A

Reversibly inhibit COX1 and COX2. Block PG synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NSAIDS use:

A

antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory.

Indomethacin - used to close a PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NSAIDS tox:

A

Interstitial nephritis, gastric ulcer (PG’s protect gastric mucosa), renal ischemia (PGs vasodilate afferent arteriole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

COX-2 Inhibitors (celecoxib) mech:

A

Reversibly inhibit COX2, which is found in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium and mediates inflammation and pain;
spares COX1, which helps maintain gastric mucosa
Should not have corrosive effects of other NSAIS on GI lining. Spares platelet function as TXA2 production is dependent on COX-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Celecoxib uses:

A

RA and osteoarthritis; pts with gastritis or ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Celecoxib tox:

A

increased risk of thrombosis.

Sulfa allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acetaminophen mech:

A

Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS. Inactivated peripherally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acetaminophen use:

A

Antipyretic, analgesic, but not anti-inflammatory. Used instead of aspirin to avoid Reye syndrome in children with viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acetaminophen tox:

A

Overdose produces hepatic necrosis; acetaminophen metabolite (NAPQI) depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver.
N-acetylcysteine is antidote - regenerates glutathione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bisphosphonates:

A

Alendronate, other -dronates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alendronate: mech

A

Pyrophosphate analog; bind hydroxyapatite in bone, inihibiting osteoclast activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alendronate: uses

A

Osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget disease of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Alendronate toxx:

A

Corrosive esophagitis (pts advised to take with water and remain upright for 30 min), osteonecrosis of jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alendronate toxx:

A

Corrosive esophagitis (pts advised to take with water and remain upright for 30 min), osteonecrosis of jaw

20
Q

Allopurinol: mech

A 
Chronic gout (preventative)
Inhibits xanthine oxidase, decreasing the conversion of xanthine to uric acid
21
Q

Allopurinol: uses

A

Chronic gout

Lymphoma and leukemia (to prevent tumor lysis syndrome associated urate nephropathy)

22
Q

Allopurinol: tox

A

Increases concentrations of Azathioprine and 6-MP (both normally metabolized by xanthine oxidase)
Do not give salicylates; all but highest doses depress uric acid clearance. Even high doses (5-6 g/day) have only minor uricosuric activity

23
Q

Febuxostat: mech

A

Inhibits xanthine oxidase

24
Q

Febuxostat: uses

A

Chronic gout (preventative)

25
Q

Probenecid: mech

A

Inhibits reaborption of uric acid in PCT (also inhibits secretion of penicillin)

26
Q

Probenecid: uses

A

Chronic gout (preventative)

27
Q

NSAIDS for Acute Gout:

A

Naproxen, indomethacin

28
Q

Glucocorticoids for acute gout:

A

oral or intraarticular

29
Q

Colchicine: mech

A

Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inihibit microtubule polymerization, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation.

30
Q

Colchicine: uses

A

Acute and prophylactic Gout use

31
Q

Colchicine: tox

A

GI side effects

32
Q

Colchicine: mech

A

Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inihibit microtubule polymerization, impairing leukocyte (neutrophil) chemotaxis and degranulation (anti-inflammatory)

33
Q

Colchicine: tox

A

GI side effects

34
Q

Teriparatide: mech

A

Recombinant PTH analog given subQ daily.

Increases osteoblastic activity

35
Q

Teriparatide: uses

A

Osteoporosis. Causes increased bone growht compared to anti resorptive therapies (bisphosphonates)

36
Q

Teriparatide: tox

A

Transient hypercalcemia. May increase risk of osteosarcoma (seen in rodent studies)

37
Q

TNF alpha inhibitors: general

A

All TNF alpha inhibitors predispose to infection, including reactivation of latent TB, since TNF blockade prevents activation of macrophages and destruction of phagocytosed microbes.

38
Q

Etanercept: mech

A 
Fusion protein (receptor for TNF-alpha + IgG1 Fc), produced by recombinant DNA
EtanerCEPT is a TNF decoy reCEPTor
39
Q

Etanercept uses:

A

RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis

40
Q

Infliximab mech:

A

Anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal Ab

41
Q

Infliximab use:

A

IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

42
Q

Adalimumab: mech

A

Anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal Ab

43
Q

Adalimumab: use

A

IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

44
Q

Adalimumab: use

A

IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

45
Q

Pegloticase: mech

A

Recombinant uricase that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin (more H20-soluble product)

46
Q

Pegloticase: use

A

Chronic gout (prevention

Musculoskeletal (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions