Murmurs Flashcards
MRS ASS
Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic
Ejection Systolic
diamond shape
Pan Systolic
rectangle
Mid Diastolic
diamond, triangle
Early Systolic
triangle
Aortic/ pulmonary stenosis shape
ejection systolic
Aortic regurgitation shape
early diastolic
Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation shape
pan systolic
Mitral stenosis shape
mid diastolic
Which type of murmur coincides with carotid pulse?
Systolic
What is S1?
Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves that indicates the beginning of systole
What is S2?
Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves that signifies the beginning of diastole
What is S3?
if its a split second (where the first sound is louder than the second) and is on inspiration then it can be physiological. Can indicate left ventricular dysfunction in older peeps.
What is S4?
Late diastolic low freq just before S1 nearly always pathological heard at apex can indicate IHD, hypertension and aortic stenosis
Murmur that radiates to the carotids
Aortic stenosis
Murmur that radiates to the axilla
Mitral regurgitation
Grade I murmur
V. quiet
Grade II murmur
quiet, but you can hear it
Grade III murmur
loud
Grade IV murmur
loud with a thrill
Grade V murmur
v. loud with a thrill
Grade VI murmur
so loud you can hear it without a stethoscope
Aortic stenosis causes
- degenerative
- congenital
- rheumatic
Aortic stenosis signs and symptoms
- low volume pulse
- forceful displaced apex
- breathlessness
- chest pain
- dizziness
Aortic stenosis treatment
Treated by replacing the valve either by the bog standard surgery or trans catheter
Balloon aortic valvuotomy
Mitral regurgitation causes
- prolapse
- rheumatic
- myxomatoses
- endocarditis
- chordae rupture
Mitral regurgitation signs and symptoms
- breathlessness
- peripheral oedema
- fatigue
- displaced apex
- Pansystolic at apex
Mitral regurgitation treatment
medicated with diuretics and ACE inhibitors
surgically repaired or use of clips in infancy
Mitral stenosis causes
mainly rheumatic, congenital is rare
Mitral stenosis signs and symptoms
- breathlessness
- fatigue
- palpitations
- malar rash
- tapping apex
- mid diastolic at apex
Mitral stenosis treatment
medicated by diuretics and treating the AF
valve replacement
balloon valvuoplasty
Aortic regurgitation causes
endocarditis, connective diseases, rheumatic disease, marfans or aortic dissection
Aortic regurgitation signs and symptoms
- breathlessness
- collapsing pulse
- wide pulse pressure
- displaced apex
- early diastolic at left sternal edge
Aortic regurgitation treatment
medicated with ACE inhibitors
valve replacement
