Murmurs

Question 1

MRS ASS

Answer 1

Mitral Regurgitation Systolic, Aortic Stenosis Systolic

Question 2

Ejection Systolic

Answer 2

diamond shape

Question 3

Pan Systolic

Answer 3

rectangle

Question 4

Mid Diastolic

Answer 4

diamond, triangle

Question 5

Early Systolic

Answer 5

triangle

Question 6

Aortic/ pulmonary stenosis shape

Answer 6

ejection systolic

Question 7

Aortic regurgitation shape

Answer 7

early diastolic

Question 8

Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation shape

Answer 8

pan systolic

Question 9

Mitral stenosis shape

Answer 9

mid diastolic

Question 10

Which type of murmur coincides with carotid pulse?

Answer 10

Systolic

Question 11

What is S1?

Answer 11

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves that indicates the beginning of systole

Question 12

What is S2?

Answer 12

Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves that signifies the beginning of diastole

Question 13

What is S3?

Answer 13

if its a split second (where the first sound is louder than the second) and is on inspiration then it can be physiological. Can indicate left ventricular dysfunction in older peeps.

Question 14

What is S4?

Answer 14

Late diastolic
low freq
just before S1 
nearly always pathological
heard at apex
can indicate IHD, hypertension and aortic stenosis

Question 15

Murmur that radiates to the carotids

Answer 15

Aortic stenosis

Question 16

Murmur that radiates to the axilla

Answer 16

Mitral regurgitation

Question 17

Grade I murmur

Answer 17

V. quiet

Question 18

Grade II murmur

Answer 18

quiet, but you can hear it

Question 19

Grade III murmur

Answer 19

loud

Question 20

Grade IV murmur

Answer 20

loud with a thrill

Question 21

Grade V murmur

Answer 21

v. loud with a thrill

Question 22

Grade VI murmur

Answer 22

so loud you can hear it without a stethoscope

Question 23

Aortic stenosis causes

Answer 23

• degenerative
• congenital
• rheumatic

Question 24

Aortic stenosis signs and symptoms

Answer 24

• low volume pulse
• forceful displaced apex
• breathlessness
• chest pain
• dizziness

Question 25

Aortic stenosis treatment

Answer 25

Treated by replacing the valve either by the bog standard surgery or trans catheter
Balloon aortic valvuotomy

Question 26

Mitral regurgitation causes

Answer 26

• prolapse
• rheumatic
• myxomatoses
• endocarditis
• chordae rupture

Question 27

Mitral regurgitation signs and symptoms

Answer 27

• breathlessness
• peripheral oedema
• fatigue
• displaced apex
• Pansystolic at apex

Question 28

Mitral regurgitation treatment

Answer 28

medicated with diuretics and ACE inhibitors

surgically repaired or use of clips in infancy

Question 29

Mitral stenosis causes

Answer 29

mainly rheumatic, congenital is rare

Question 30

Mitral stenosis signs and symptoms

Answer 30

• breathlessness
• fatigue
• palpitations
• malar rash
• tapping apex
• mid diastolic at apex

Question 31

Mitral stenosis treatment

Answer 31

medicated by diuretics and treating the AF
valve replacement
balloon valvuoplasty

Question 32

Aortic regurgitation causes

Answer 32

endocarditis, connective diseases, rheumatic disease, marfans or aortic dissection

Question 33

Aortic regurgitation signs and symptoms

Answer 33

• breathlessness
• collapsing pulse
• wide pulse pressure
• displaced apex
• early diastolic at left sternal edge

Question 34

Aortic regurgitation treatment

Answer 34

medicated with ACE inhibitors

valve replacement