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cardio > murmurs > Flashcards

murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

A

aortic stenosis

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2
Q

Harsh mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

A

pulmonic stenosis

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3
Q

Blowing holosystolic murmur

A

mitral regurgitation

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4
Q

Holosystolic, blowing, high-pitched murmur

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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5
Q

Mid-late systolic ejection click

A

MVP

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6
Q

Diastolic blowing decrescendo murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

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7
Q

brief decrescendo early diastolic murmur

A

pulmonic regurgitation

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8
Q

what is a brief decrescendo early diastolic murmur known as?

A

Graham-Steell Murmur

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9
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur

A

tricuspid stenosis

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10
Q

Low-pitched, mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

A

mitral stenosis

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11
Q

opening snap, prominent S1

A

mitral stenosis

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12
Q

list the L sided murmurs

A

MS
AR
MR
AS

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13
Q

list the R sided murmurs

A

PS
TR
PR
TS

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14
Q

what sitting position accentuates ALL aortic murmurs

A

sitting up and leaning forwards

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15
Q

what sitting position accentuates ALL mitral murmurs

A

laying on decubitus side

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16
Q

what increases and decreases afterload?

A

increase: handgrip
decrease: amyl nitrate

16
Q

what maneuver increases ALL murmurs including the opening snap?

A

squatting, leg raise, lying down

(you’re pulling gravity down)

***exception is HOCM

17
Q

what murmurs increase with handgrip?

A

regurgitant murmurs (AR, MR) ↑ w/ handgrip

18
Q

what murmurs decrease with handgrip?

A

Outflow murmurs (AS, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) ↓ w/ handgrip

19
Q

what murmurs increase with amyl nitrate?

A

AS, MVP, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur ↑ w/ amyl nitrate,

20
Q

what murmurs decrease with amyl nitrate?

A

regurgitant murmurs (AR, MR) ↓ w/ amyl nitrate

21
Q

what drugs should you avoid in AS prior to surgery?

A

BB, CCB, nitrates

22
Q

AS tx

A

replacement

23
Q

PS tx

A

balloon valvuloplasty

24
Q

MS tx

A

balloon valvuloplasty

25
Q

What is ↑ intensity w/ inspiration called and what is it seen in?

A

Carvallo Sign
TR

26
Q

what is the MCC of MR in the US?

A

MVP

27
Q

what happens if a pt with MVP has a small L ventricle?

A

Smaller LV = ↓ preload = earlier click
*Valsalva, standing

28
Q

what happens if a pt with MVP has a big L ventricle?

A

Bigger LV = ↑ preload = delayed click
*squatting, supine, leg raise
*handgrip

29
Q

mid-late diastolic rumble @ apex secondary to retrograde regurgitant jet competing w/ antegrade flow from LA into LV

A

austin flint murmur

30
Q

what is austin flint murmur seen in?

A

AR

cardio (3 decks)

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