Murkejee Pharm

Question 1

what are eicosanoids?

Answer 1

• compounds that are derivatives of polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids (most notably arachidonic acid)
• involved in local autocrine or paracrine signaling

Question 2

what are autocoids?

Answer 2

• self produced drugs that act locally for a short duration?

Question 3

what are the three main groups of eicosanoids?

Answer 3

• leukotrienes
• thromboxanes
• prostaglandins
  (be able to sketch pathway)

Question 4

what triggers the release of arachidonic acid?

Answer 4

phospholipase A2 (PLA-2)

Question 5

what are the two major pathways in which arachidonic acid is modified?

Answer 5

LOX (lipoxygenase) and COX (Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2)

Question 6

Is TXA- 3 derived from arachidonic acid?

Answer 6

NO.

• not all eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid

Question 7

What is the purpose of TXA-3 and where is it derived from?

Answer 7

• prevents platelet aggregation
• derivative of omega-3-fatty acid
• this is the reason why consumption of fish oil is thought to reduce one’s risk of coronary artery disease

Question 8

5-HPETE is part of the LOX or COX pathway?

Answer 8

LOX

Question 9

Autocoids capable of causing dysmenorrhea

Answer 9

PGF2a and PGE2

Question 10

Autacoid receptor blocker used for the treatment of gastric ulcer

Answer 10

H2

Question 11

Bradykinin causes (3)

Answer 11

vasodilation, pain, natriuresis?

Question 12

what is the function of PGE2 (dinoprost)

Answer 12

increases the release of renin and antagonizes the vasopressive effects of angiotensin II and catecholamines

Question 13

serotonin functions to

Answer 13

contract bronchial smooth muscle (increase asthma symptoms)

Question 14

leukotrienes induce

Answer 14

bronchoconstriction

Question 15

Of all the leukotrienes, which one is a neutrophil chemotactic factor?

Answer 15

LTB4

Question 16

which leukotrienes are known as the slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)?

Answer 16

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

Question 17

which cell types produce leukotrienes?

Answer 17

neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells

Question 18

what are the main functions of leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4?

Answer 18

• bronchoconstriction (think asthma ATTACK)
• vasoconstriction
• smooth muscle contraction
• increased vascular permeability

Question 19

which prostaglandins are significant in uterine contractions?

Answer 19

PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2

Question 20

What is the purpose of TXA2?

Answer 20

• opposite of prostacyclin (platelet aggregator, vasoconstrictor, bronchoconstrictor)

Question 21

TXA-2 is important in?

Answer 21

causes platelet aggregation

Question 22

which kind of receptors do eicosanoids act on?

Answer 22

G protein coupled

Question 23

Which class of drugs block the activity of cyclooxygenases?

Answer 23

NSAIDS

Question 24

what is the general function of prostaglandins?(4)

Answer 24

1- cytoprotective in the stomach
2- dilate renal vasculature
3- contract the uterus
4- maintain the ductus arteriosus

Question 25

Which COX is constitutive and which one is inducible?

Answer 25

COX 1- consitutive

COX 2- inducible

Question 26

how does aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid) work?

Answer 26

• causes irreversible inhibition of COX

- covalent bond formation

Question 27

what are reversible inhibitors of COX1 and 2?

Answer 27

ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, sulindac

Question 28

what are catecholamines?

Answer 28

• hormones made by the adrenal gland

- include norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine