Munari Week 1 Flashcards
What do ice cores reveal about the atmosphere, and how has CO2 changed over time?
What is the role of oceans in CO2 absorption since the Industrial Revolution?
What is the main effect of ocean acidification on marine organisms like pteropods?
List pollutants affecting marine organisms in addition to ocean acidification.
What is the combined effect of ocean acidification and pollutants on marine organisms?
What is metal speciation, and how does it change under acidified conditions?
How does acidification affect metal behavior and toxicity in the ocean?
How are copper and iron specifically affected by ocean acidification?
What is the effect of metal speciation on primary production in marine ecosystems?
How does pH change impact marine biogeochemical cycles?
What were the key findings of the study on the combined effects of copper exposure and ocean acidification on corals?
Why was the Cryer paper on coral exposure to copper and acidification rejected?
What did the Marine Heatwave (MHW) study investigate?
What were the experimental design flaws in the Marine Heatwave (MHW) study?
What stressors were tested in the experiment on M. galloprovincialis and C. gallina?
How did adults of M. galloprovincialis perform under stress conditions?
How did C. gallina adults respond to the experimental conditions?
How did juvenile M. galloprovincialis perform under acidified conditions?
What was the impact of local seawater chemistry in the Algarve Lagoon on the experiment?
What is phenotypic plasticity, and what happens when its limits are exceeded?
What is the significance of transgenerational effects in response to environmental stress?
How do CO2 vents in Ischia illustrate real-world examples of ocean acidification?
How does temperature sensitivity interact with acidification tolerance in marine larvae near CO2 vents?
What were the specific physiological processes measured in the coral study regarding copper exposure and ocean acidification?
What materials and methods were used in the coral study involving copper and CO2 treatments?
What were the physiological effects of the combined stressors in the coral study?
What was the design of the Marine Heatwave (MHW) study regarding caffeine exposure?
What were the physiological effects of caffeine and marine heatwaves on clams and mussels?
What statistical issues did the Cryer paper face that contributed to its rejection?
How did a lack of replicates undermine the Cryer paper’s findings?
Why did juvenile M. galloprovincialis perform worse than expected in the experiment?
How did juvenile C. gallina respond to the experimental stressors?
How do environmental stressors affect energy allocation in marine organisms?
How does environmental stress reallocate energy in marine organisms, according to Slide 16?
What does the experimental design in Slide 17 test in terms of phenotypic plasticity?
What are the key findings from the transgenerational experiments on marine species?
What are the transgenerational effects discussed on Slide 27 regarding long-term ocean acidification impacts?
What were the findings related to genetic similarity and phenotypic plasticity in larvae exposed to acidification and temperature changes?
What was measured in the transgenerational experiment regarding marine species’ adaptation to stress?
How did stress affect egg production and clutch size in marine species after two generations?
What was the effect of stress on respiration rates in marine species?
What did the CO2 vents in Ischia reveal about the effects of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems?
What were the four treatment groups used in the coral study (Paper 1) on copper and ocean acidification?
What were the light and dark cycle conditions in the coral study, and how was seawater monitored?
What were the main physiological measurements taken in the coral study on copper exposure?
What limitations did the authors of the coral study acknowledge regarding the results?
What two species were studied in Paper 2 on caffeine exposure and marine heatwaves?
How was caffeine introduced in the Marine Heatwave (MHW) study, and what were the experimental groups?
How long did the Marine Heatwave study on caffeine exposure last, and what were the conditions for water changes?
What were the main findings regarding caffeine bioaccumulation in the MHW study?
Why was the Cryer paper on copper and ocean acidification rejected due to the design of the study?
What was the key statistical error in the Cryer paper, and what analysis should have been used?
What were the salinity levels tested in the experiment involving M. galloprovincialis and C. gallina?
What were the temperature levels used in the marine stressor experiment?
How were pH levels adjusted in the marine species experiment, and what were the targeted pH levels?
Which species were studied in the experiment on environmental stressors, and what was notable about their habitats?
How did adults of M. galloprovincialis perform in response to changes in temperature, salinity, and pH?
A: Adults showed
How did adults of C. gallina respond to the experimental conditions?
What was the unexpected finding regarding juvenile M. galloprovincialis in acidified conditions?
How did juvenile C. gallina perform under acidified conditions in the experiment?
How did local seawater chemistry in the Algarve Lagoon (Portugal) affect the experiment?
How do organisms typically allocate energy under normal environmental conditions?
What happens to energy allocation when marine organisms are exposed to environmental stressors like pH changes?
What were the three environmental conditions tested in the transgenerational experiment?
What was the goal of exposing the F1 generation to the same and different conditions from their parents in the transgenerational experiment?
What do CO2 vents in Ischia reveal about the impacts of ocean acidification?
How does metal speciation specifically affect copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) under acidified conditions?
What are the pollutants beyond acidification that harm marine organisms?
What specific design details were included in the coral study on copper and ocean acidification?
What were the specific limitations and variability reported in the coral study results?
Why was the absence of a marine heatwave (MHW)-only control group in the caffeine study problematic?
What were the findings related to caffeine bioaccumulation in the marine heatwave study?
How did phenotypic plasticity compare to transgenerational effects in marine species exposed to stress?
