mumbai thingy Flashcards
How has population growth affected the pattern of spatial growth?
As the population has grown Mumbai has expanded from 68km squared (the city) to 370km squared (suburban districts) including the suburban districts and now to 603km squared (metropolitan district such as Navi Mumbai)
New suburbs are developing.
What is Mumbai’s population?
16 million in 2015
20 million by 2020
Including the metropolitan area the population estimate is 25 million.
By 2050 it will probably be the world largest city.
How has population growth affected changing urban functions and land-use?
Mumbai = commercial capital of India
- services (banking, finance, IT, cell centres….)
- manufacturing (textiles, food processing and engineering)
- construction (housing, factories and offices)
- entertainment and leisure (Bollywood, hotels and restaurants)
Growth in financial services, entertainment and leisure has put pressure on the land in CBD -> Mumbai is one of the worlds most expensive cities
Many manufacturers with the need for large land amounts are moving out (Audi, Volkswagen)
What opportunities are there in Mumbai in terms of access to recourses?
Dharavi slums are the largest which house many informal economy workers.
It lies between two railway routes -> good connectivity.
Many homes have electricity, but it’s often obtained illegally through ‘hook-ups’
What opportunities are there in Mumbai in terms of employment?
Many people work in the informal sector of Mumbai. With no regular wage,- ‘cash-in-hand’- no contract, no job security, no health and safety protection, and no pension scheme.
Informal sector = essential and adds up to US$1 billion to Mumbai’s GDP each year.
What challenges are caused by rapid population growth?
Housing shortages
· City authorities have no money to build houses.
· Government limits maximum rents, meaning rental income is reduced.
· Most people are used to cramped, poor quality and expensive rooms, far from work areas. Meaning they are forced into slums whilst others live on the streets or spare land.
Development of squatter and slum settlements
Poor employment conditions
Limited service provision
- too little jobs for the number of people there are
What is a downside to the population growth in Mumbai?
Slums unceasingly dominate the city landscape, 60% of the population lives in slum suburbs.
What disadvantages of water supply and waste disposal are there due to rapid population growth?
Inadequate water supply and waste disposal
· Only suburbs have private water supplies.
Like Dharavi, 60% of Mumbai’s population uses communal taps.
· Rapid urbanisation causes uncontrolled water pollution.
· Factories in the Mithi River and the airport dump untreated waste, and oil
· 800 million litres of sewage goes into the river every day
· 80% of Mumbai’s waste is actually recycled.
The recycle industry is worth 1.5 million dollars a year employing 10 000 people.
· Children collect plastic, glass, cardboard, batteries, computer parts and soap
Consequences of traffic congestion due to rapid population growth.
- high levels of air pollution
· Little is spent on Mumbai’s infrastructure and transport. There are too few suburban train and bus networks to meet demand.
· Every bus and train is over crowded and 3500 people die on Mumbai’s railway each year.
· Mosts deaths are caused by passengers crossing tracks, sitting on train roofs and being electrocuted by overhead cables or hanging from doors and windows.
What are some suggestions to improve air quality in Mumbai?
Use LPG instead of burning coal. Introduce of low benzene petrol Check on fuel tampering. Improve public transport. Charge higher road tax on older vehicles.
