Mumbai Flashcards
What is urbanisation
the growth in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas
Rural and Urban areas trend
rural- small population density
large proportion of open, green spaces
the people work in agriculture, tourism or local shops.
Urban- large population density
tends to be in towns or cities
limited green spaces
urban residents tend to work in offices, factories or running services in the cities.
what is a megacity
an urban area with over 10 million residents, eg mumbai
explain what natural increase is and how it can increase urbanisation
natural increase is when the birth rate exceeds the death rate
more people born than dying which
leads to population growth,
normally young people move to cities to find work (migrate) then have children which increases the cities population.
urban areas also have better access to health care increasing life expectancy.
4 reasons why people would move to a city (pull factors)
better living conditions
to recieve better education for them and their children
for better health services for a higher chance of living
in cities people have access to more job opportunities and higher wages
push factors in rural areas (LIC)
famine
extreme weather
minority ethnic groups (persecuted because law and order is weak and corrupt so they flee to the city)
poverty- only low skill farming jobs
push factors in urban areas (HIC)
becoming expensive to live there
so people move out of the city
city physically stunted by ‘green belts’
people move out of the city
house prices are high
pull factors in urban areas (HIC)
variety of jobs available, people move to the city slums in hope of a better life.
protection/safety
pull factors in rural areas (HIC)
more peaceful life
good levels of transport- people can commute to the city
internet, people can work from home, don’t need to live in the city
Why is urban growth in LICs speeding up
contraception in poorer countries not readily available
This may be due to a lack of personal income, they cannot afford to buy contraception.
Education levels in women is poor, so there’s a lack of knowledge about sexual
health.
employment is mainly market sellers, heavy manual labour jobs, which means people have to live in the city centre where these jobs are offered.
Why is urban growth in HIC’s slowing down
due to a formal economy,and state funded healthcare systems there is easy access to contraception
most women have a good education and their awareness of contraception is good.
This means there is a lower birth rate.
most people have service and technology based jobs, meaning they can use the internet to help them work. due to this, workers don’t need to live in the city.
Factors affecting birth and death rate
In LiCS:
Unplanned births increase population due to lack of contraception.
Traditional beliefs that condoms are to be avoided, therefore there’s a growing population.
Many children die, because of infections(there’s no vaccinations) so parents have more children to compensate for that.
gender inequality, so birth rate will be higher.
Mumbai location
India, in the Maharashtra state, on the West Coast of India.
Mumbai importance
- Economy
a. Mumbai is the economic capital of India. Mumbai is a megacity with a population of 12.5 million, it’s one of Asias richest cities and accounts for 6% of India’s GDP.
b. Mumbai is a very important part of the indian economy. It has the largest number of international companies in Asia.
It is home to the Bombay stock exchange and powerful Indian TNC companies like the Tata group.
It means Mumbai generates taxes
c. Mumbai accounts for 40% of the total income to the state of Maharashtra and creates a huge number of high paid jobs in it’s growing hi-tech industries of call centres, online banking and software development.
d. Mumbai contributes 33% of all India’s income tax, supporting the entire success of the country, which is a key source of income for India’s government.
- Employment
Another reason Mumbai is important is because it provides employment opportunities. Over 3 million people commute into Mumbai everyday.
This is important because it provides wealth and opportunities for people that live within commutable range.
- Culture
Mumbai is also culturally important (India’s fashion and entertainment hub) and the success and wealth of Mumbai has lead to a thriving industry in the arts.
This includes theatre and film industry.
There are more films made in “Bollywood” than anywhere else worldwide (over 1,600 a year!) and it is home to sporting and film stars such as Sachin Tendulkar (cricket).
Bollywood also attracts local tourists from india, brings more money in and more developments .
Mumbai is a major national and international transport hub.
It is part of a major shipping route to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal along with other shipping routes across the Indian Ocean to Africa and the rest of Asia.
in total handling 40% of India’s shipping trade. This provides employment for multiple industry’s both importing and exporting goods, and provides additionally the direct employment of the shipping industry.
