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Antibiotics Review > Multisystems Midterm > Flashcards

Multisystems Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic combination to avoid:

A

Aminoglycosides use porin channels and so do Tetracyclines (compete at the same site on bacterial enzyme)

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2
Q

These 2 work together to inhibit multiple steps of the same pathway:

A

Sulfonamindes and trimethoprim

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3
Q

These 2 work together when one antibiotic enhances binding of the 2nd antibiotic

A

Streptogramins A and B

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4
Q

These 2 work together when one antibiotic enhances the uptake of the second antibiotic into the pathogen

A

Beta lactams and aminoglycosides

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5
Q

These 2 work together by inhibiting enzymes that degrade the antibiotic

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors and beta lactams

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics:

A

oxazolidones, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, sulfonamides, benzylpyrimidines

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7
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics:

A

Beta lactams, aminoglycosides, type B streptogramins, nitrofurantoin, fluoroquinolone, nitroimidazole, rifamycins

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8
Q

Microbe dependent antibiotics:

A

glycopeptides (vancomycin), lipopeptides (daptomycin), chloramphenicol

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9
Q

Coverage of extended range penicillins

A

broad spectrum GN

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10
Q

Coverage of 1st Gen cephalosporins

A

GP

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11
Q

Coverage of 4th gen cephalosporins

A

BS

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12
Q

Coverage of vancomycin

A

GP

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13
Q

Coverage of aminoglycosides

A

BS GN

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14
Q

Coverage of linezolid

A

GP

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15
Q

Coverage of chloramphenicol

A

BS

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16
Q

Coverage of daptomycin

A

GP

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17
Q

Coverage of tetracycline

A

BS

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18
Q

Coverage of glycycycline

A

BS

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19
Q

Coverage of clindamycin

A

GP

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20
Q

Coverage of Streptogramins

A

GP

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21
Q

Coverage of sulfonamides

A

BS

22
Q

Coverage of fluoroquinolones

A

BS GN

23
Q

Special coverage of nitroimidazoles

A

Anaerobes

24
Q

Special coverage of tetracylcines

A

Rickettsia and spirochetes

25
Q

S/E: curare-like neuromuscular blockade

A

aminoglycosides

26
Q

S/E: red-man syndrome, nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

A

vancomycin

27
Q

S/E: gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

28
Q

S/E: stevens johnson hypersensitivity and HIV/AIDs hypersensitivity

A

sulfonamides

29
Q

S/E: red-orange discoloration of tears, sweat, urine, feces

A

Rifamycins

30
Q

Mechanism: DNA gyrase

A

fluoroquinolones

31
Q

Mechanism: DNA replication/DNA breaks

A

nitroimidazoles

32
Q

Mechanism: membrane depolarlization

A

daptomycin

33
Q

Mechanism: cell wall synthesis

A

beta lactams

34
Q

Mechanism: folic acid synthesis

A

sulfonamides

35
Q

Mechanism: RNA synthesis

A

rifamycins

36
Q

3 possible mechanisms of resistance

A
  1. decreased accumulation of drug
  2. enzymatic inactivation of drug
  3. alteration of target
37
Q

2 pathways that lead to decreased accumulation of drug:

A

A. decreased bacterial permeability/influx (aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines)
B. Active transport efflux (tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, streptogramin A, glycylcyclines)

38
Q

Enzymatic inactivation of drug: penicillins

A

beta-lactamases

39
Q

Enzymatic inactivation of drug: aminoglycosides

A

group transferases (phosphorylation, adenylation, acetylation)

40
Q

Enzymatic inactivation of drug: chloramphenicol

A

chloramphenicol acetyltransferase

41
Q

Enzymatic inactivation of drug: macrolides

A

esterases (hydrolysis)

42
Q

Enzymatic inactivation of drug: streptogramins

A

streptogramin A: acetyltransferases

streptogramin B: lactonases

43
Q

mechanism of resistance: Alteration of Target in sulfonamides (dihydropteroate synthase)

A

Inc. production of PABA, decrease sensitivity of enzyme to sulfonamides

44
Q

mechanism of resistance: Alteration of Target in Trimethoprim (dihydrofolate reductase)

A

Decreased sensitivity of enzyme to trimethoprim and Increased production of enzyme

45
Q

Primary mechanism of resistance in: beta lactams

A

beta-lactamases

46
Q

Primary mechanism of resistance in: macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin A & B

A

MLSB determinants

47
Q

Primary mechanism of resistance in: aminoglycosides

A

various inactivating enzymes

48
Q

Primary mechanism of resistance in: sulfonamides

A

increased production of PABA

49
Q

Which antibiotics are known for penetrating the: prostate?

A

fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides

50
Q

Which antibiotics are known for penetrating the: CNS?

A

3rd gen. cephalosporins, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, benzylpyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazole, rifamycins

Antibiotics Review (1 decks)

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