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pharmacology Neuro > Multiple Sclerosis > Flashcards

Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

What can be used to treat optic neuritis?

A

corticosteroids

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2
Q

What is the effect of corticosteroids on optic neuritis?

A

improve short-term recovery but have no effect on longer term outcome

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3
Q

How do corticosteroids improve MS?

A

Steroids shorten relapse duration

No effect on extent of functional recovery

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4
Q

when are corticosteroids used to treat MS?

A

Reserved for very unpleasant or disabling symptoms

No more than x3 treatments per year

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5
Q

How do Interferons and glatiramer help in the treatment of MS?

A

Reduce relapses by approximately one-third

No reduction in disability ie progression of disease

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6
Q

Give three examples of emerging oral therapies

A

Fingolimod

Dimethylfumarate

Teriflunomide

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7
Q

How does Fingolimod improve MS?

A

About a 60% reduction in relapse rate

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8
Q

How does Dimethylfumarate improve MS?

A

Anti-inflammatory and decreases oxidative stress.

Aproximatly 50% reduction in relapse rate

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9
Q

How doesTeriflunomide improve MS?

A

Anti-inflammatory immunosuppressant

Approx 30% reduction in relapse rate

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10
Q

How does Natalizumab improve MS§

A

Relapse rate reduced by 68% at 1yr

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11
Q

How is Natalizumab given?

A

monthly infusion

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12
Q

What is the most effective drug used to treat MS

A

Alemtuzumab

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13
Q

How does Alemtuzumab improve MS?

A

Decreased Relapse Rate by up to 74%,

Decreased disability over 3yrs by up to 71%

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Alemtuzumab?

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

thyroid disorders

infection

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15
Q

Give an example of a neuroprotective drug used to treat MS?

A

Lamotrigine

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16
Q

In what type of MS patient is Lamotrigine used?

A

Secondary progressive MS

17
Q

potential future interventions for MS treatment

A
  • Novel monoclonal antibodies
  • Oral immunotherapies
  • Combination immunotherapies
  • Peptide vaccination
  • Neuroprotective drugs
  • Cellular therapy
18
Q

How do you treat the side effect spasticity?

A
  • Physio and passive stretching
  • Baclofen, tizanidine, benzodiazepines, dantrolene, carbamazepine
  • Cannabis
  • Intrathecal baclofen – relieves stiffness caused by spacticity
  • Botulinum toxin - muscle-relaxing medication used to decrease spasticity
  • Surgery or phenol ablation of nerve roots
  • Functional electrical stimulation for spastic foot drop (NICE approved)
19
Q

How do you treat the bladder symptoms associated with MS?

A
  • Intravesical boltinum toxin
  • Suprapubic catheterisation
  • Desmopressin for nocturia

pharmacology Neuro (14 decks)

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