Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
dysarthria
slow, slurred speech
diplopia
double vision
nystagmus
rapid eye movement d/t weak EOMs
initial symptoms of MS
vague - weakness, fatigue, changes in vision
relapsing-remitting
periods of exacerbation and recovery
primary-progressive
steady gradual deterioration
secondary-progressive
begins relapsing-remitting, then steadily deteriorates
progressive-relapsing
exacerbations with only partial recovery - no return to baseline
aggravating factors
fatigue, stress, overexertion, hot showers/baths, infection, trauma
visual s/s of MS
diplopia, blurred vision, nystagmus
diplopia tx
eye patch, alternate every few hours
musculoskeletal s/s
gait/balance problems, muscle spasticity - potential for paralysis, severe fatigue, intention tremors
bowel s/s
constipation
bladder s/s
spastic - urgency, frequency, dribbling, incontinence
flaccid - no sensation to void
cognitive s/s
difficulty w short term memory, attention, information processing, word finding
dx of MS
no specific tests - r/o other diseases through testing - CSF
MRI may show plaques
natalizumab
anti-inflammatory, increased risk of infection
med for MS exacerbations
corticosteroids - prednisone
side effects of corticosteroids
increased glucose, decreased wound healing
bethanechol
used for flaccid bladder, helps prevent UTIs
oxybutynin
used for spastic bladder, helps prevent UTIs
diazepam & baclofen
muscle relaxants, help w ROM
dalfampridine
nerve conduction enhancer
meds for fatigue
methylphenidate, amantadine
how can PT/OT help
improves daily function, decreases spasticity, increases coordination, retrains muscles to compensate for impaired ones
bladder dysfunction interventions
medications, may need indwelling or straight cath or bladder pacemaker, increase fluids, prophylactic abx
constipation interventions
lubiprostone to increase motility, increase activity, fluids, & fiber
visual changes interventions
eye patch for diplopia, corrective lenses, have pt move head side to side for peripheral vision loss
