MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Flashcards
Select all the TRUE statements about the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis:
a.“The dendrites on the neuron are overstimulated leading to the destruction of the axon.”
b.“The myelin sheath is damaged along the axon.”
c.“This disease affects the insulating structure found on the neuron in the central nervous system.”
d.“The dopaminergic neurons in the part of the brain called substantia nigra have started to die.”
B,C
True or False: Multiple Sclerosis tends to affect men more than women and occurs during the ages of 50-70 years.
False: MS affects WOMEN more than men and shows up during the ages of 20-40 years.
True or False: Patients with multiple sclerosis have different signs and symptoms because this disease can affect various areas of the peripheral nervous system.
False: Yes, patients with MS have different signs and symptoms because lesions can present at different locations in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM….hence the brain and spinal cord (not the peripheral nervous system).
A patient is suspected of having multiple sclerosis. The neurologist orders various test. The patient’s MRI results are back and show lesions on the cerebellum and optic nerve. What signs and symptoms below would correlate with this MRI finding in a patient with multiple sclerosis?
a.Blurry vision
b.Pain when moving eyes
c.Dysarthria
d.Balance and coordination issues
e.“Pill rolling” of fingers and hands
f.Heat intolerance
g.Dark spots in vision
h.Ptosis
A,B,C,D,G
You’re performing a head-to-toe assessment on a patient with multiple sclerosis. When you ask the patient to move the head and neck downward the patient reports an “electric shock” sensation that travels down the body. You would report your finding to the doctor that the patient is experiencing:
A. Romberg’s Sign
B. Lhermitte’s Sign
C. Uhthoff’s Sign
D. Homan’s Sign
B
Which finding below represents a positive Romberg Sign in a patient with multiple sclerosis?
a.The patient report dark spots in the visual fields during the confrontation visual field test.
b.When the patient closes the eyes and stands with their feet together they start to lose their balance and sway back and forth.
c.The patient’s sign and symptoms increase when expose to hot temperatures.
d.The patient reports an electric shock feeling when the head and neck are moved downward.
B
Your patient is scheduled for a lumbar puncture to help diagnose multiple sclerosis. The patient wants clarification about what will be found in the cerebrospinal fluid during the lumbar puncture to confirm the diagnosis of MS. You explain that ____________ will be present in the fluid if MS is present.
a.high amounts of IgM
b.oligoclonal bands
c.low amounts of WBC
oblong red blood cells and glucose
B
You’re developing a plan of care for a patient with multiple sclerosis who presents with Uhthoff’s Sign. What interventions will you include in the patient’s plan of care? Select all that apply:
a.Avoid movements of the head and neck downward
b.Keep room temperature cool
c.Encourage patient to use warm packs and heating pads for symptoms
Educate the patient on three ways to avoid overheating during exercise
B,D
During your discharge teaching to a patient with multiple sclerosis, you educate the patient on how to avoid increasing symptoms and relapses. You tell the patient to avoid:
a.Cold temperatures
b.Infection
c.Overexertion
d.Salt
e.Stress
B,C,E
A patient with multiple sclerosis has issues with completely emptying the bladder. The physician orders the patient to take ___________, which will help with bladder emptying.
a.Bethanechol
b.Oxybutynin
c.Avonex
d.Amantadine
A
A patient is receiving Interferon Beta for treatment of multiple sclerosis. As the nurse you will stress the importance of?
a.Physical exercise to improve fatigue
b.Low fat diet
c.Hand hygiene and avoiding infection
d.Reporting ideation of suicide
C
Which medications below can help treat muscle spasms in a patient with multiple sclerosis? Select all that apply:
a.Propranolol
b.Isoniazid
c.Baclofen
d.Diazepam
e.Modafinil
C,D
