Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
Is MS more common in male or females?
Females
What is the average age of onset of MS?
Around 30 years of age
What type of immunity is Th1 and Th2 involved in?
Th1 - cell mediated immunity
Th2 - humoral mediated immunity
Are Th17 cells pro or anti inflammatory?
Pro-inflammatory
What is expressed on the cell surface of B cells from stem cell all the way to plasma cell?
CD52
Name some emergency treatment options for the treatment of MS.
- Control of precipitant (e.g. infection, fever)
- Steroids (i.v. or oral methylprednisolone)
- I.v. immunoglobulin
- Plasmapheresis
What is the first line treatment for spasticity?
Baclofen or Gabapentin
What is the second line treatment for spasticity?
Tizanidine or Dantrolene
What is the third line treatment for spasticity?
BDZs
What drug is used for fatigue in MS patients?
Amantadine
What drug is used for walking problems in MS patients?
fampridine
Which interferon shows benefit in the management of MS?
IFN-beta
Which 4 amino acids are glatiramer made up of?
Alanine, lysine, glutamic acid, tyrosine (4 amino acids found in myelin basic protein)
Which is alpha4beta1 integrin located?
On the surface of T lymphocytes
Which drug targets alpha4beta1?
Natalizumab
Which drug causes rapid and prolonged depletion of CD52+ cells?
Alemtuzumab
Which drug is a monoclonal antibody directed at B-lymphocytes expressing high levels of CD20?
Ocrelizumab
Name 3 agents that target nucleic acid metabolism?
Mitoxantrone, oral cladribine, oral teriflunomide
Name a type II topoisomerase inhibitor?
Mitoxantrone
Which drug mimics nucleoside adenosine thereby interfering with their ability to process DNA?
Oral cladribine
Which drug blocks the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase?
Oral teriflunomide
What is fingolimod activated by?
Sphingosine kinase 2
