Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 7 Week 1 > Multiple Myeloma and Waldenstroms-Parks > Flashcards

Multiple Myeloma and Waldenstroms-Parks Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of neoplasm is multiple myeloma?

A

B cell neoplasma of older people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the median age of multiple myeloma?

A

70 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the manifestations of multiple myelom?

A

osteolytic bone lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In multiple myeloma, you commonly see (blank) in the serum

A

monocolonal protein with monoclonal light chains in the urine (bence jones protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In multiple myeloma, you will have increased osteoclast activity that results in (Blank)

A

hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Multiple myeloma will inhibit osteoblasts via (blank) and increase osteoclast activity via (blank)

A

DKK1

RANKL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteoprogenin (which stimulats osteoclast activity) is secreted by osteoblasts and bone marrow stem cells. It is degraded by (blank) receptors expressed on myeloma plasma B cells

A

CD138

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

you get lots of (blank) in multiple myeloma do to osteolytic lesions

A

fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In veterbral body you can get (blank) fractures-> the patients lose height, cause back pain, -> suspect myeloma

A

compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you do immunoelectrophoresis?

A

you first electrophorese both serum then you but anti IgG into center well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What will the immunoelectrophoresis look like in multiple myeloma?

A

Normally you get an array of different clones but with myeloma you have mono clony so instead of getting an array of imungolobulins attaching, you will only have one antibody.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most myelomas are (blank) and (blank)

A

IgG and IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most myelomas are (blank) and (Blank)

A

IgG and IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

IgD and IgE are found in some myelomas but typically these are associated with (blank)

A

Waldersontrons macroglobulenemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Do you ever get IgM myeloma?

A

very rarely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In (blank) it involves a heavy chain and a light chain

A

multiple myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patients with myeloma frequently get (blank)

A

infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What organisms cause infections associated with mutiple myeloma?

A

strep pneumonia, H influenze, N meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the malignant plasma cells associated with multiple myeloma suppress?

A

the normal good plasma cells so that normal cells cannot secrete immunoglobulin.
**since you dont have Ig you get bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Can you test for myeloma in urine? Why?

A

yes
light chains can be filtered by kidneys, heavy chains cannot so you can find monoclonal light chains in urine (either kappa or lambda)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

light chains are also called (blank) and they are toxic to the (blank)

A

bence jones proteins
tubular lining cells of the kidney
so people w/ multiple myeloma have kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Renal failure occurs in (blank) percent of myelomas

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Renal disease occurs in over (blank) percent of myelomas

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does hypercalcemia do to your tubular lining cells?

A

affects them an can cause kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

(blank) is a major complaint in myeloma

A

fatigue

26
Q

What causes rouleaux and where do you see it?

A

in myelomas, cuz you get lowering of the zeta potential and hence stacking of the RBCs

27
Q

Myeloma causes you to get gangrene because of (blank)

A

cryoglobulins

28
Q

What are the 7 major clinical findings of multiple myeloma?

A 
Hypercalcemia/bone issues
renal failure
fatigue/anemia
recurrent infections
neuro symptoms
nausea and vomiting
bleeding/clotting disorders
29
Q

What percent of multiple myeloma patients have hyperdiploid? What will this cause?

A

50%

trans cyclin D1 dysregulation

30
Q

What percent of mutiple myeloma patients have non-hyperdiploid? what will this cause?

A

50%
cis cycling ds dysregulation
trans cyclin D2 disregulation

31
Q

What chromosome problem is associated with poor prognosis for MM?

A

t4,14 and chromosome 1

32
Q

High risk disease and poor prognosis are defined by the presentce of one of the following in each category,,,,,?

A

hypodiploidy, t (4,14), deletion 17p13; high levels of serum b2-microglobulin or lactate dehydrogenase

33
Q

Standard risk disease is define by the presenct of (blank) or (blank)

A

hyperdiploidy or t(11;14)

34
Q

What is lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma also known as?

A

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

35
Q

(blank) parallel pathways of normal differentiation

A

Lymphoid malignancies

36
Q

Walden storm is only (blank) immunoglobulin and a light chain

A

IgM

37
Q

Igm is a (Blank) thats why it gets stuck places.

A

pentamer

38
Q

(blank) is what you get when you clot the blood (factors are all there)

A

serum

39
Q

(bank) is anticoagulated, i.e unclotted bloo

A

plasma

40
Q

You can get visual disturbances, dizziness, headaches altered state of consciousness in (blank)

A

waldenstroms

41
Q

You can get a “linked sausage effect” in waldens called (blank)

A

hyperviscosity syndrome

42
Q

Waldenstroms has cryglobulings that give you a (blank)

A

skin rash

43
Q

(blank) can occur with atypical mycoplasm pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis, etc. (Blank) occur in multiple myeloma, hepatitis C

A

Cold agglutinins

Cryoglobulins

44
Q

(blank) can given you a cold agglutin that can agglutinate the blood and cause anemia.

A

Waldenstroms

45
Q

What are the symptoms of macroglobulinemia?

A 
fatigue
peripheral neuropathy
Raynaud's phenomenon/cold sensitivity
hepatosplenomegaly/lymphadenopathy
Bleeding
visual disturbances
CHF
dyspnea
cutaneous lesions
Bence Jones proteinuria
46
Q

DO you have osteolytic lesions in waldens?

A

No, instead you get your bone marrow wiped out

47
Q

Do you get hepatosplenomegaly in waldenstroms?

A

YES!!!!! (but remember in myeloma you do not!!!)

48
Q

WHy can you get encephalopathy is waldenstroms?

A

cuz of hyperviscosity syndrome

49
Q

(blank) phenomenon is characterized by triphasic color change

A

Raynauds

50
Q

(blank) often heralds the onset of systemic scleroderma

A

vasospasm

51
Q 
What can these cause:
collagen vascuar disease
arterial occlusive disease
pulmonary hypetensions
neurologic disorders
blood dyscrasias 
trauma
drugs
A

Raynaud phenomenon

52
Q

Raynauds phenomenon is seen in (waldenstroms/multiple myeloma)

A

Waldenstroms

53
Q

Why do you have wayyyy to many B cells in waldenstroms?

A

because you have a MYD88 protein abnormality that results in a gain of fucntion that consistently turns NFK on which leads to increased B cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis.

54
Q

What will be affected if you have B9 (folate) issues or a malignant disease and is typically secondarily involved?

A

Spleen

55
Q

What are causes of massive splenomegaly?

A 
thalassemia
visceral leishmaniasis
hyperactive malarial splenomegaly syndrome
mycobacterium avium complex
lymphomas
myeloproliferative neoplasms
gauchers disease
56
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

formation, storage, destruction of RBCs and antibodies-> filters blood and removes abnormal or foreign material

57
Q

(blank) occurs when the size of the spleen is increased by cells or tissue components or by vascular engorgement.

A

Hypersplenism

58
Q

Hypersplenism will augments the spleens (blank) and even normal blood cells experience a delayed transit and temporary sequestration.

A

filtering functions

59
Q

When you have hyperspelnism you cant function blood cels right so you get a lot of cells stuck in it and it causes (blank) and (Blank) but they are just fine sitting in teh spleen whereas (blanK) get destroyed and cause anemia

A

neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

RBCs

60
Q

T or F

some patients with a splenic infarct have no pain

A

T

61
Q

Beta 2 microglubin is a Very important prognostic serum marker for (balnk). Patients with a serum level of less than (blank) have a 43 month median survival. Patients with levels greater than (blank) have a 12 month median survival .

A

multiple myeloma

  1. 004 gm/L
  2. 004 gm/L

Block 7 Week 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions