Multiple Choices Flashcards
Person- Centered Theory 2 basic assumptions. Carl rogers postulated it
- formative tendency
- actualizing tendency
-The tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from
simpler to more complex forms.
-E.g. Complex organisms develop from single cells
Formative Tendency
- The tendency within all humans to move toward completion or fulfillment
of potentials. - Because each person operates as one complete organism, actualization involves the whole person (psychological and intellectual, rational and
emotional, conscious and unconscious)
Tendencies to maintain* and enhance* the organism are subsumed within the actualizing tendency. #
Actualizing Tendency
-It includes such basic needs as food, air, and safety but it also includes the tendency to resist change and to seek the status quo
- The conservative nature of maintenance needs is expressed in people’s
desire to protect their current, comfortable self-concept
Maintenance
- The need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth.
- The need for enhancing the self is seen in people’s willingness to learn
things that are not immediately rewarding. - needs are expressed in a variety of forms, including
curiosity, playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence that one can achieve psychological growth. #
Enhancement
People have within themselves the creative power to solve problems, to alter self-concepts, and to become increasingly self-directed.
True
The actualization tendency is not limited to humans.
True
Human’s actualization tendency is realized only under certain conditions.People must be involved in a relationship with a partner who is:
a. - Congruent or Authentic
b. - Demonstrates Empathy &
c. - Unconditional Positive Regard
Infants begin to develop a vague concept of self when a portion of their
experience becomes personalized and differentiated in awareness. Infants
gradually become aware of their own identity as they learn what tastes good
and what tastes bad, what feels pleasant and what does not. They then begin
to evaluate experiences as positive or negative, using as a criterion the
actualizing tendency.
The self and self-actualization
subset of the actualization tendency and is therefore not synonymous with it #
self-actualization
- Organismic experiences of the individuals
- It refers to the whole person, conscious and unconscious, physiological and
cognitive
Actualization tendency
- It is the tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness.
Self- actualization
Rogers postulated two self-subsystems:
A. Self- concept
B. Ideal self
Includes all aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in
awareness by the individual
Self- concept
- It is one’s view of self as one wish to be.
Ideal self
the symbolic representation of some portion of our
experience. He used the term synonymously with both consciousness and
symbolization.
Awarenesses
Levels of Awareness ( person- Centered Theory)
- ignored or denied
- accurately symbolized
- distorted form
What level of awareness is this?
a woman walking down a busy
street, an activity that presents many potential stimuli, particularly of sight and
sound. Because she cannot attend to all of them, many remain ignored.
Ignored or denied
Level of awareness:
A mother who never wanted
children, but out of guilt she becomes overly solicitous to them. Her anger and
resentment toward her children may be hidden to her for years, never reaching
consciousness but yet remaining a part of her experience and coloring her
conscious behavior toward them. #
Ignored or denied
For example, if a pianist who has full confidence in his piano-playing ability is
told by a friend that his playing is excellent, he may hear these words,
accurately symbolize them, and freely admit them to his self-concept.
Accurately symbolized
If the gifted pianist were to be told by a distrusted competitor that his playing
was excellent, he might react very differently than he did when he heard the same words from a trusted friend. He may hear the remarks but distort their meaning because he feels threatened. “Why is this person trying to flatter me?
This doesn’t make sense.”
d. His experiences are inaccurately symbolized in awareness and therefore can be distorted so that they conform to an existing self concept that, in part, says, “I
am a person who does not trust my piano-playing competitors, especially those
who are trying to trick me.” #
Distorted
Person develops a need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another. a prerequisite for positive self-regard.
Positive regard
The prizing or valuing one’s self
Positive self-regard
Perception of other people’s view of us. These
evaluations, whether positive or negative, prevent us from being completely open to
our own experiences. #
External Evaluation
