Multiple Choice Test Revision Flashcards
Present Value formula
(PMT[1 - (1 + i)-n ]) / i
NPV Calculation
Sum of the present value of cash inflows less the present value of cash outflows
Real rate of return formula
(1 + nominal rate)/(1 + inflation rate) - 1
Face value =
Principal + Interest
FV =
PV(1 + i)n
Compound interest formula
A = P ( 1 + R/N) ^nt
69 95 99.7 rule
About 68% of the values fall within 1 sd of the mean
95 within 2 sd
99.7 within 3sd
4 stages of business cycle
Recovery/Expansion
Boom/peak
Contraction
Recession/trough
Solvency ratio
Total net worth divided by total assets expressed as a percentage
This means that the Smiths’ family assets would need to fall by 68.28% for their ownership of their assets to fall to zero.
Liquidity ratio
Liquid assets divided by current debts expressed as a percentage
Savings ratio
Cash surplus divided by income after tax expressed as a percentage
Savings expressed as percentage of total income. It is likely that the savings ratio will be low for a young couple with small children and also for an elderly couple.
Debt service ratio
Monthly loan repayments divided by monthly net income expressed as a percentage
This ratio can be used to indicate the effect of a particular course of action
pv =
FV/(1+i)^n
Earnings per share (EPS)
provides an indication of company profitability
operating profit after tax divided by number of ordinary shares
Price / Earnings ratio (P/E ratio)
shows how much the market is prepared to pay for shares in relation to reported profits
current market price divided by eps