Multiple Choice Review

Question 1

describe functionalism

Answer 1

how society is set up to function: foundation= beliefs and values, institutions teach roles and expected behaviours

Question 2

what is equilibrium in society

Answer 2

when all structures are in agreement and unison allowing for society to function as it should

Question 3

describe cultural materialism

Answer 3

humans using resources they have or creating new things in order to meet their needs (sexual reproduction, food, shelter, etc…)

Question 4

what are the 3 components to cultural materialism

Answer 4

infrastructure, structure and super structure (infrastructure is foundation)

Question 5

what is piaget’s theory

Answer 5

theory of how psychological cognition develops throughout the lifespan: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete and formal operation (form of psychoanalysis)

Question 6

what is behaviourism

Answer 6

form of developmental psychology. focuses on manipulation of environment to predict human behaviour

Question 7

what is operant conditioning

Answer 7

using positive/negative reinforcement in order to create a desired result, or punishment to abolish a behaviour

Question 8

what are the 3 stages of moral development

Answer 8

preconventional, conventional and post conventional

Question 9

explain the heinz dilemma scenario

Answer 9

mans wife dying from cancer. chemist creates drug to cure her, but selling it for 10x prod. cost. man tries to make payment deal, chemist refuses as he wants profit. man breaks inro lab and steals drug.

Question 10

at what age does thinking become concrete and abstract

Answer 10

beginning during adolescent years

Question 10

what moral stage do most people stay in for their life?

Answer 10

conventional

Question 11

why is post conventional so hard to acheive

Answer 11

because it requires the thinking of the individual to think inde

Question 11

what part of the brain do teens rely so heavily on

Answer 11

amygdala

Question 12

what emotion is the amygdala responsible for controlling

Answer 12

anger, fear and pleasure

Question 13

what ‘prunes’ in the brain

Answer 13

grey matter- dendrites and synapses

Question 14

why does pruning occur

Answer 14

pruning occurs so that synapses branching being used can be strengthened

Question 15

what can spaces inhibit

Answer 15

emotional responses and/or inhibit behavioural responses

Question 16

4 types of social distance

Answer 16

intimate, personal, social, public

Question 17

what is territoriality

Answer 17

pattern of attitudes and behaviours held by a person or group that is based on perceived, attempted or actual control of a phys. space, object or idea, which may involve habitual occupation, defense or personalization and marking of the territory

Question 18

3 types of territorial marking

Answer 18

human, physical and symbolic

Question 19

what makes up the autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

eyes, salivary glands, heart, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, gi tract

Question 20

what are the branches of ans

Answer 20

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Question 21

what is differential association theory

Answer 21

believes that crime is something learned through association with groups who engage in criminal activity- those who surround themselves with criminals are more likely to become one

Question 22

what four propositions is d.a.t based off of

Answer 22

criminal behaviour is learned, learning takes places in intimate groups, more favourable things for commiting crime than the contrary, crime is learned same way conformity is

Question 23

what is deviance

Answer 23

any behaviour or action that is socially challenged or condemned because it departs from the norms and expectations of society

Question 24

what are the 3 categories of norms

Answer 24

norms, mores and taboos

Question 25

what is the most offensive norm

Answer 25

taboo

Question 26

what is labelling theory

Answer 26

when society (or conforming members of society) labels someone as deviant in order to socially reject them

Question 27

who usually imposes the most labels

Answer 27

those with power, wealth and social status

Question 28

what theory examines how dysfunctional socialization and a lack of healthy relationships leads to deviance

Answer 28

social control theory

Question 29

what environment encourages deviant behaviour

Answer 29

lack of social attachments, no participation in conventional activities, committing criminal acts is not punished and no understanding of moral validity within law

Question 30

what are the 4 types of social bonds

Answer 30

attachment, commitment, involvement and belief

Question 31

what theory is a result of conflict of classes

Answer 31

cultural deviance

Question 32

what subgroup does cultural deviance study

Answer 32

the lower class

Question 33

how does criminal behaviour get passed down within generations

Answer 33

due to differing goals within the lower class leading too values and beliefs of criminal behaviour being passed down

Question 34

what is ideal self based off of

Answer 34

beauty standards, media and experiences during upbringing

Question 35

what is real self based off of

Answer 35

genetics (biology), internalization of experiences and environment

Question 36

what is congruence

Answer 36

when real self and ideal self align

Question 37

what is behavioural sink

Answer 37

aberrant behaviours in overcrowded density population settings

Question 38

what are beautiful ones

Answer 38

individuals who withdrew and became passive during overcrowded scenarios

Question 39

what does overcrowding lead to

Answer 39

complete abandonment of complex social behaviour and ultimately demise in population

Question 40

what are the three pillars of society

Answer 40

government, laws and education

Question 41

what is conflict theory

Answer 41

belief that society is in a constant state of conflict and that social order is attained by dominance and power rather than consensus and conformity

Question 42

what does conflict theory believe about the wealthy

Answer 42

that they will suppress the poor and powerless in order to stay in power + with status

Question 43

what is symbolic interactionism

Answer 43

believes that society is a result of shared symbols like language

Question 44

how do symbols get passed down generations

Answer 44

social world attaches events and social interactions to symbols, which ultimately get passed down

Question 45

what is cognitive dissonance

Answer 45

the discomfort felt when one realizes they engage in activities that go against their beliefs and values

Question 46

what are the 3 defense mechanisms of cognitive dissonance

Answer 46

avoiding, delegitimization and limiting impact

Question 47

what is feminism

Answer 47

belief of political, economic and social equality between sexes