Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

This part of a microscope allows you to adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen.

Answer 1

Diaphragm

Question 2

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Oxygen and sugars

Question 3

What happens during photosynthesis?

Answer 3

The cell uses energy in sunlight to make food.

Question 4

When do you get the energy from cellular respiration?

Answer 4

When the last bond of ATP breaks

Question 5

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

Answer 5

It creates food that they can eat

Question 6

How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

Answer 6

They have opposite equations

Question 7

The energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called…

Answer 7

Fermentation

Question 8

Under which condition is lactic-acid fermentation most likely to occur?

Answer 8

A very fast run

Question 9

Which organelles store water, food, and other materials needed by the cell?

Answer 9

Vacuoles

Question 10

Carbon dioxide enters plants though the…

Answer 10

Stomata

Question 11

What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification or 15, and the other lens has a magnification or 30?

Answer 11

450

Question 12

Which statement is not part of the cell theory?

Answer 12

Only animals are composed of cells

Question 13

What is the function of a cell membrane?

Answer 13

To control what enters and leaves the cell

Question 14

Which organelle is the control center of the cell?

Answer 14

The nucleus

Question 15

What best describes the function of mitochondria?

Answer 15

They convert energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use

Question 16

All organic compounds contain what element?

Answer 16

Carbon

Question 17

Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Answer 17

Diffusion

Question 18

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane when the cells energy is required?

Answer 18

Active transport

Question 19

Enzymes are important because they…

Answer 19

Sped up chemical reactions

Question 20

What is the function of a cell wall?

Answer 20

To protect and support the cell

Question 21

Unlike the cell wall, the cell membrane…

Answer 21

Is found in all cells

Question 22

Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called…

Answer 22

Starches

Question 23

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler elements is a…

Answer 23

Element

Question 24

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a…

Answer 24

Compound

Question 25

What are fossils?

Answer 25

The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

Question 26

Which term refers to a species no longer living?

Answer 26

Extinct

Question 27

If two organisms look very similar during early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms...

Answer 27

Evolved from a common ancestor

Question 28

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

Answer 28

Their beaks were adaptations related to the food the finches ate

Question 29

The gradual change in a species over time is called...

Answer 29

Evolution

Question 30

Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?

Answer 30

Natural selection

Question 31

Factors that control traits are called...

Answer 31

Genes

Question 32

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a...

Answer 32

Hybrid

Question 33

What does the notation TT mean?

Answer 33

Two dominant alleles

Question 34

What does the notation Tt mean?

Answer 34

One dominant allele and one recessive allele

Question 35

What does a Punnett square show?

Answer 35

All the possible outcomes of a generic cross

Question 36

An organisms physical appearance is its...

Answer 36

Phenotype

Question 37

What is codominance?

Answer 37

Several alleles working together to determine a trait

Question 38

What happens during meiosis?

Answer 38

Chromosome paid separate and are distributed into new sex cells

Question 39

When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute...

Answer 39

Half the number of chromosomes in body cells

Question 40

What is a mutation?

Answer 40

Any change in a gene or chromosome

Question 41

The different forms of a gene are called...

Answer 41

Alleles

Question 42

An organisms genotype is its...

Answer 42

Genetic makeup

Question 43

How many chromosomes does a healthy human have?

Answer 43

46 chromosomes

Question 44

An organisms that has two identical alleles for a trait is...

Answer 44

Homozygous

Question 45

A heterozygous organism has...

Answer 45

Two different alleles for a trait

Question 46

Chromosomes are made up of

Answer 46

Many genes joined together

Question 47

Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?

Answer 47

XY

Question 48

Why are sex linked traits more common in males than in females?

Answer 48

A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male

Question 49

What is a pedigree?

Answer 49

A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

Question 50

Genetic disorders are caused by...

Answer 50

DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes

Question 51

Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?

Answer 51

Cystic fibrosis

Question 52

Cloning results in two organisms that are...

Answer 52

Genetically identical

Question 53

A carrier is a person who has...

Answer 53

One recessive and one dominant allele for a trait

Question 54

What must occur for a girl to be colorblind?

Answer 54

Each parent must have the recessive allele for colorblindness

Question 55

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 55

Greater genetic variation