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Science Final > Multiple Choice Questions > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This part of a microscope allows you to adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen.

A

Diaphragm

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2
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen and sugars

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3
Q

What happens during photosynthesis?

A

The cell uses energy in sunlight to make food.

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4
Q

When do you get the energy from cellular respiration?

A

When the last bond of ATP breaks

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5
Q

How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

A

It creates food that they can eat

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6
Q

How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

A

They have opposite equations

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7
Q

The energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called…

A

Fermentation

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8
Q

Under which condition is lactic-acid fermentation most likely to occur?

A

A very fast run

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9
Q

Which organelles store water, food, and other materials needed by the cell?

A

Vacuoles

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide enters plants though the…

A

Stomata

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11
Q

What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification or 15, and the other lens has a magnification or 30?

A

450

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12
Q

Which statement is not part of the cell theory?

A

Only animals are composed of cells

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13
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

To control what enters and leaves the cell

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14
Q

Which organelle is the control center of the cell?

A

The nucleus

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15
Q

What best describes the function of mitochondria?

A

They convert energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use

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16
Q

All organic compounds contain what element?

A

Carbon

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17
Q

Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A

Diffusion

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18
Q

Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane when the cells energy is required?

A

Active transport

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19
Q

Enzymes are important because they…

A

Sped up chemical reactions

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20
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

To protect and support the cell

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21
Q

Unlike the cell wall, the cell membrane…

A

Is found in all cells

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22
Q

Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called…

A

Starches

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23
Q

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler elements is a…

A

Element

24
Q

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a…

A

Compound

25
Q

What are fossils?

A

The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past

26
Q

Which term refers to a species no longer living?

A

Extinct

27
Q

If two organisms look very similar during early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms…

A

Evolved from a common ancestor

28
Q

What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

A

Their beaks were adaptations related to the food the finches ate

29
Q

The gradual change in a species over time is called…

A

Evolution

30
Q

Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?

A

Natural selection

31
Q

Factors that control traits are called…

A

Genes

32
Q

Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a…

A

Hybrid

33
Q

What does the notation TT mean?

A

Two dominant alleles

34
Q

What does the notation Tt mean?

A

One dominant allele and one recessive allele

35
Q

What does a Punnett square show?

A

All the possible outcomes of a generic cross

36
Q

An organisms physical appearance is its…

A

Phenotype

37
Q

What is codominance?

A

Several alleles working together to determine a trait

38
Q

What happens during meiosis?

A

Chromosome paid separate and are distributed into new sex cells

39
Q

When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute…

A

Half the number of chromosomes in body cells

40
Q

What is a mutation?

A

Any change in a gene or chromosome

41
Q

The different forms of a gene are called…

A

Alleles

42
Q

An organisms genotype is its…

A

Genetic makeup

43
Q

How many chromosomes does a healthy human have?

A

46 chromosomes

44
Q

An organisms that has two identical alleles for a trait is…

A

Homozygous

45
Q

A heterozygous organism has…

A

Two different alleles for a trait

46
Q

Chromosomes are made up of

A

Many genes joined together

47
Q

Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?

A

XY

48
Q

Why are sex linked traits more common in males than in females?

A

A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male

49
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait

50
Q

Genetic disorders are caused by…

A

DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes

51
Q

Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?

A

Cystic fibrosis

52
Q

Cloning results in two organisms that are…

A

Genetically identical

53
Q

A carrier is a person who has…

A

One recessive and one dominant allele for a trait

54
Q

What must occur for a girl to be colorblind?

A

Each parent must have the recessive allele for colorblindness

55
Q

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

Greater genetic variation

Science Final (1 decks)

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