Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards
This part of a microscope allows you to adjust the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
Diaphragm
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and sugars
What happens during photosynthesis?
The cell uses energy in sunlight to make food.
When do you get the energy from cellular respiration?
When the last bond of ATP breaks
How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?
It creates food that they can eat
How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
They have opposite equations
The energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen is called…
Fermentation
Under which condition is lactic-acid fermentation most likely to occur?
A very fast run
Which organelles store water, food, and other materials needed by the cell?
Vacuoles
Carbon dioxide enters plants though the…
Stomata
What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a magnification or 15, and the other lens has a magnification or 30?
450
Which statement is not part of the cell theory?
Only animals are composed of cells
What is the function of a cell membrane?
To control what enters and leaves the cell
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
The nucleus
What best describes the function of mitochondria?
They convert energy from food molecules into energy the cell can use
All organic compounds contain what element?
Carbon
Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Diffusion
Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane when the cells energy is required?
Active transport
Enzymes are important because they…
Sped up chemical reactions
What is the function of a cell wall?
To protect and support the cell
Unlike the cell wall, the cell membrane…
Is found in all cells
Sugar molecules can combine with one another to form large molecules called…
Starches
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler elements is a…
Element
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a…
Compound
What are fossils?
The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past
Which term refers to a species no longer living?
Extinct
If two organisms look very similar during early stages of development, this is evidence that the organisms…
Evolved from a common ancestor
What did Darwin observe about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
Their beaks were adaptations related to the food the finches ate
The gradual change in a species over time is called…
Evolution
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Natural selection
Factors that control traits are called…
Genes
Scientists call an organism that has two different alleles for a trait a…
Hybrid
What does the notation TT mean?
Two dominant alleles
What does the notation Tt mean?
One dominant allele and one recessive allele
What does a Punnett square show?
All the possible outcomes of a generic cross
An organisms physical appearance is its…
Phenotype
What is codominance?
Several alleles working together to determine a trait
What happens during meiosis?
Chromosome paid separate and are distributed into new sex cells
When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute…
Half the number of chromosomes in body cells
What is a mutation?
Any change in a gene or chromosome
The different forms of a gene are called…
Alleles
An organisms genotype is its…
Genetic makeup
How many chromosomes does a healthy human have?
46 chromosomes
An organisms that has two identical alleles for a trait is…
Homozygous
A heterozygous organism has…
Two different alleles for a trait
Chromosomes are made up of
Many genes joined together
Which combination of sex chromosomes results in a male human being?
XY
Why are sex linked traits more common in males than in females?
A recessive allele on the X chromosome will always produce the trait in a male
What is a pedigree?
A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
Genetic disorders are caused by…
DNA mutations or changes in chromosomes
Which genetic disorder causes the body to produce unusually thick mucus thick mucus in the lungs and intestines?
Cystic fibrosis
Cloning results in two organisms that are…
Genetically identical
A carrier is a person who has…
One recessive and one dominant allele for a trait
What must occur for a girl to be colorblind?
Each parent must have the recessive allele for colorblindness
What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
Greater genetic variation
