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Cardiology > Multiple Choice Questions > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Side effects of quinidine in the horse

A

Colic
Laminitis
Tachycardia
Can cause tdp in general

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2
Q

Most common clinical sign in cow with AF

A

GI disease

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3
Q

PDE 3 mech

A

Increase cAMP

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4
Q

PDE5 mech

A

Increase cGMP

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5
Q

What is an Austin flint murmur

A

AI causing flutter of the mitral valve - middiastolic or presystolic

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6
Q

Quest study- what does not have neg hazards ratio?

A 
Associated with longer survival:
Pimobendan
Ckcs
Low furosemide
Lower vhs
Lower la/ao
Lower lvid
Higher creatinine
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7
Q

Side effect of spironolactone cats

A

Facial pruritis

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8
Q

What increases digoxin levels

A

Hypokalemia
Azotemia

Other choices were:
Amiodarone
Hypercalcemia

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9
Q

Effect of hyperkalemia on cell

A

Hypopolarized membrane

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10
Q

What cause low O2 saturation?

A

Options included
Exercise
Hypoxia
Polycythemia

Hypoxia?

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11
Q

What does the c wave coordinate with?

A

Closure of av valves

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12
Q

What arrhythmia to give unsynchronized cardioversion for?

A

VF?

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13
Q

What species are right coronary dominant?

A

Humans
Pigs
Horses

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14
Q

What species are left coronary dominant?

A

Dog
Cat
Ruminant

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15
Q

Most common bypass tract in dog

A

Right posteroseptal
Retrograde
Unidirectional

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16
Q

B1>a>B2

A

Norepinephrine

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17
Q

B1>B2>a

A

Dobutamine

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18
Q

B1=B2>a

A

Epinephrine

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19
Q

Most common heart disease in ferrets

A

Aortic regurgitation >MR

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20
Q

Most common cardiomyopathy in ferrets

A

DCM

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21
Q

Surgery of choose for ToF

A

Modified blalock taussig

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22
Q

What is modified blalock taussig

A

Graft to connect L subclavian to aorta or pa

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23
Q

What is blalock taussig

A

L subclavian to PA by anastomosing vessels

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24
Q

What is Potts

A

Anastomoses btwn PA and desending AO

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25
Q

What is waterson

A

Anastomoses btwn rPA and ascending ao

26
Q

Most common valve regurg in horses

A

AI

27
Q

Best ACEi in horses

A

Benazepril

28
Q

Best treatment for GS inherited arrhythmias

A

Mexiletine and sotalol together

29
Q

Most common iguana heart prob

A

Valve regurg and mineralization of great vessels

30
Q

Case of smoke in LA

A

Plasma protein interactions

31
Q

Embryologist origin of CTS

A

Stenotic connection of pulmonary veins to LA

32
Q

Embryonic origin of CTD

A

Persistence of the right sinus valve

33
Q

Which beta blocker metabolized in the liver?

A

Propranolol>metoprolol

34
Q

Which beta blocker crosses bbb

A

Propranolol

35
Q

Chem changes with hyperaldosteronism

A

Low renin
Low K
High renal K excretion

36
Q

Protect study- survival times

A

Median time to CHF/SCD 9 months longer in dobies with pimo

37
Q

Quest

A

Better hr

Low creatinine

38
Q

Cause of inherited arrhythmias in gsd

A

Abnormal serca

Predisposed to eads and dads

39
Q

Mech of ventriculophasic SA

A
  1. Storm of baroreceptors from increased arterial pressure causes increased vagal tone.
  2. Increased blood flow to sinus node diffuses metabolites and slows next discharge.
  3. Inhibition of bainbridge reflex
40
Q

Concealed conduction

A

Incomplete cardiac impulse conduction through specialized conduction tissue.

This shows effects on next p-QRS-t, and may lead to conduction delay, Avb, conduction enhancement, etc.

41
Q

How does a VVI pacemaker set at 90 bpm with a refractory period of 320 ms respond to a premature ventricular complex occurring at 250 ms after the last paced beat?

A

It would be sensed in the refractory period but would not reset timing cycles.

42
Q

What is noise reversion?

A

Inappropriate asynchronous pacing. The pacemaker is switched to a synchronous pacing with repetitive refractory sensing. This is to protect against noise being mistaken for cardiac events with the consequence of inhibition of pacing

43
Q

Two ways to fix noise reversion

A

One. Shorten refractory.

Two. Decrease the sensitivity.

44
Q

Why does Treppe effect go away with Heart failure

A

Decreased serca with heart failure, means decreased ca uptake

45
Q

When is renin released?

A

Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia
Diuretics
Circulating catecholamines

46
Q

Best treatment for WPW

A

Procainamide

47
Q

4 causes of acquired pulmonary artery stenosis

A

Chronic ps developing into peripheral PS

  1. Neoplasia
  2. Ligation of PA during PDA ligation
  3. Hematoma
48
Q

What enzyme causes cardiac cachexia

A

Angiotensin 2 and aldosterone

49
Q

What causes inotropic effects

A

Forskolin

50
Q

What is branhams sign?

A

Decrease in heart rate with increase in diastolic BP, as seen during pda ligation.

51
Q

List 10 Minor criteria for endocarditis

A

Fever
Medium to large breed dog
Subaortic stenosis
Vascular phenomena such as arterial emboli
Immuno logical phenomenon such as polyarthritis
Bartonella serology greater than one to 1024
Positive blood cultures not meeting major criteria
New or worse heart murmur
Chronic catheter
Immunocompromise
Predisposing heart conditions
Repeated non-sterile drug in ministration
Echo consistent with IE

52
Q

3 endothelin-1 functions

A

Vasoconstriction
Increased collagen synthesis
Sm muscle proliferation
Vascular remodeling

53
Q

3 endothelium antagonists for pht

A

Bosentan
Ambrisentan
Macitentan

54
Q

Prostacyclin functions

A

Vasodilation

Inhibits sm muscle proliferation

55
Q

3 prostacyclin analogs

A

Iloprost
Beraprost
Epoprostenol

56
Q

PDE5 inhibitors

A

Sildenafil

Taladafil

57
Q

Serotonin affects what cell type in valve?

A

VIC to myofibroblast

58
Q

What high serotonin syndrome looks similar to DMVD?

A

Carcinoid syndrome, but this affects tricuspid more than mitral

59
Q

What cell type decreases with DMVD?

A

VEC

60
Q

What happens to atrialis layer with DMVD?

A

Increased ECM

61
Q

What happens to fibrosa?

A

Disorganized collagen

62
Q

What happens to spongiosa?

A

Most affected layer- disorganized and more gags/proteoglycans.

Cardiology (4 decks)

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