Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 2nd Semester Final Multiple Choice > Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A _________locus exhibits more variation than is expected by mutation.

A

Polymorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genotype are said to be in ___________ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.

A

Hardy-Weinberg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A restriction is genetic variability caused by a drastic reduction in population size is called a

A

Bottleneck effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs in an environment by

A

Favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive and reproduce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When selection acts to eliminate one extreme from an array of phenotypes it is called

A

Directional selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cheetahs have been through a genetic bottleneck; evidence for this is that

A

There is very little genetic variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The text discusses sickle-cell anemia, which is a classic example of

A

Heterozygote advantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Natural selection varies the shape of the beaks among Darwin’s finches in response to:

A

The available food supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Industrial melanism is a term

A

Describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The shape of the beaks of Darwin’s finches and industrial melanism are often cited as examples of the process of ____________ leading to evolutionary change.

A

Natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Domestication of dogs has led to

A

A variety of phenotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Considerably more phenotypic variation exists in domesticated varieties of species like dogs and cabbages than exists in non-domesticated species like lions and maple trees. Which one of the following statements best explains why this is true?

A

Many domesticated varieties would not survive in the natural world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture. One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is

A

Corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which features of Archaeopteryx clearly demonstrates that it was on the evolutionary line leading from dinosaurs to birds?

A

Feathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Many organisms possess structures that have no apparent function, but they resemble structures of presumed ancestors. These structures are known as

A

Vestigial structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below or are called

A

Derived characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Looking at the differences in protein-encoding gene sequences between humans and chimpanzees

A

There is less than 1% difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR) genes in humans

A

Have been inactivated, reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Another name for analogous structures is _________ structures

A

Homoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The age of the Earth according to modern estimations is

A

4.5 billion years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The oldest microfossils are of

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Eukaryotic cells acquired mitochondria and chloroplasts by

A

Endosymbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Order from largest to smallest

A

Class, order, family, genus, species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Lacking one of the criteria to be strictly classified as living units and containing fragments of eukaryotic genomes, the viruses are included with

A

None of the kingdoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most viruses form a capsid around their nucleus acid core. This capsid is composed of a

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The HIV virus is considered a ______ virus, because after getting integrated into the host cell chromosomes, it does not begin replicating immediately

A

Latent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Viruses are characterized by all of the following except

A

Being capable of independent reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If a virus enters the lytic phase in a hosts cell, it will cause

A

The host cell to burst because there will be so many viral particles present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions, they form thick-walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm. These structures are called

A

Endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Prokaryotes undergo a process that produces cells that are identical. This process is called

A

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In which of the following characteristics are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar?

A

Contain ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Amoebas move from place to place by means of their

A

Pseudopods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Organisms that are characterized by being unicellular, photosynthetic, and having double shells made of silica are known as

A

Diatoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The tropical diseases such as African sleeping sickness, Chaga’s disease, and leishmaniasis are caused by

A

Trypanosomes

35
Q

Protists are classified into a single kingdom because

A

They are eukaryotes, but not fungi, plants, or animals

36
Q

The limestone making up the famous landmark in England, the White Cliffs of Dover, are the pore-studded shells (tests) of

A

Foraminifera

37
Q

Plants lacking well-developed conducting systems such as mosses, liverworts, and hornworts have. Even called

A

Bryophytes

38
Q

Bryophytes, like ferns and certain other non-tracheophyte plants, require

A

Water to reproduce sexually

39
Q

The colorless rootlike projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate are called

A

Rhizoids

40
Q

Which tissue transport water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?

A

Xylem

41
Q

Carbohydrates are transported away from the green parts of the plant by cells of

A

Phloem

42
Q

Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the

A

Sporophyte generation

43
Q

Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except

A

Free water is required for pollination

44
Q

Endosperm, the nutritive tissue of the fruit, is the product of a

A

Sperm and polar nuclei union

45
Q

Specialized symbiotic associations between the roots of plants and fungi are called

A

Mycorrhizae

46
Q

The cell walls of fungi are made up of polysaccharides and

A

Chitin

47
Q

The most economically useful unicellular fungi are

A

Yeasts

48
Q

Lichens are adversely affected by

A

Pollution

49
Q

Protostomes develop through

A

Spiral cleavage

50
Q

Which is not true about animals?

A

They were some of the first organisms on the earth

51
Q

Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated cells whose beating drivings water through the body cavity. These specialized cells are known as

A

Choanacytes

52
Q

Most species of tapeworms live in the

A

Intestines of vertebrates

53
Q

Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder afflicting humans mainly in tropical regions; it is caused by a

A

Fluke

54
Q

The long, flat bodies of tapeworms are made up of repeating segments known as

A

Proglottids

55
Q

The human disease, trichinosis, is contracted through

A

Eating undercooked or raw pork

56
Q

Which grouping includes animals referred to as “wheel animals”?

A

Rotifera

57
Q

Which feature is not found in animals of the phylum Porifera?

A

Tissues and organs

58
Q

The mollusks do not include

A

Shrimps

59
Q

The nitrogenous waste in mollusks is removed by

A

Nephridia

60
Q

Each segment of an annelid typically contains bristles of chitin called

A

Chaetae

61
Q

Reproduction in the earthworm involves

A

Cross-fertilization between two hermaphroditic organisms

62
Q

In some Arthropoda tagmatization has produced a combination of head and thorax known as a

A

Cephalothorax

63
Q

In Arthropoda, locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against

A

The exoskeleton

64
Q

Compound eyes are composed of independent visual units called

A

Ommatidia

65
Q

Air passage into the trachea of most insects is controlled by the closing and opening of valves, which operate special openings called

A

Spiracles

66
Q

An invertebrate biologist is conducting research with crabs. Her interest is ecdysis. This implies that she studies

A

The molting process

67
Q

Most bony fish have a hard plate that covers the gills on each side of the head called the

A

Operculum

68
Q

Birds, like mammals, can regulate their body temperatures within close limits. Therefore birds and mammals are called

A

Endothermic

69
Q

In addition to a vertebral column, all vertebrates have

A

A distinctive head or skull

70
Q

Amphibians are thought to have evolved from

A

Lobe-finned fish

71
Q

Amphibians are not completely free to live on dry land because

A

Their reproduction depends on water

72
Q

The most successful terrestrial vertebrates that invaded the air are

A

Birds

73
Q

Because of its association with tools, the earliest human was called ____________ meaning “handy man.”

A

Homo habilis

74
Q

The European Neanderthals were replaced about 34,000 years ago by

A

Cro-Magnons

75
Q

Which has the longest fossil record?

A

Homo erectus

76
Q

Which is not part of loose connective tissue?

A

Chondroitin

77
Q

In adult vertebrates, which is not one of the four principle kinds of primary tissues?

A

Connective

78
Q

Mammalian thermoregulation depends on monitoring of blood temperature by the

A

Hypothalamus

79
Q

Bone cells can remain alive when even though the extracellular matrix becomes hardened with crystals of calcium phosphate. This type of cell is also called an

A

Osteocyte

80
Q

What are the fundamental embryonic tissues called the “germ layers”?

A

Mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm

81
Q

Which connective tissue has a matrix that is fluid?

A

Blood

82
Q

If you find epithelial tissue that has many layers and the apical surface is flattened with irregular edges, this would be classified as:

A

Stratified squamous

83
Q

Which is also known as striated muscles

A

Skeletal and cardiac

Bio 2nd Semester Final Multiple Choice (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions