Multiple Choice Flashcards
The electrical charge of an inactive neuron is called its…
resting poential
Instead of passing down the length of the axon, action potentials leap from gap-to-gap using a process known as ________.
saltatory conduction
portion of peripheral nervous system that controls “vegetative: functions such as heart rate and digestion
Autonomic system
Placing a hand on a hot burner, the heat stimulus is transmitted to the spinal cord rather than the brain, provoking the automatic response of removing the hand from the heat source.This illustrates the effect of the
reflex arc
most detailed 3D image of the brain is produced by
MRI
neuropsychological research technique that measures the waves of electricity produced near the surface of the brain
EEG
in a split-brain operation to control epilepsy, what is severed?
corpus callosum
increase in sixe and wrinkling of the cerebral cortex in higher animans compared to lower animals is ______
corticalization
an aphasia is______
an impaired ability to use language
Evidence suggests that men’s and women’s brains are specialized in different ways. An examination of Broca’s area revealed that
women are more likely to use both hemispheres
Phineas Gage is an example of how damage to the _____ impacts personality and emotional state
prefrontal cortex
What part of the forebrain is referred to as the “switching station” for sensory messages on their way to the cortex?
thalamus
the doctor damaged a portion of the limbic system such that Andy has difficulty controlling his fear and anger emotions. The part of the limbic system mainly responsible for this ability is the
amygdala
The ________ acts as a bridge between the medulla and other areas of the brain.
pons
Which portion of the limbic system is important in forming lasting memories
hippocampus
____ - handed people are better at visualizing three-dimensional objects
left
in ________, physical energy is measured and related to what we experience as sensations.
psychophysics
The minimum difference between two stimuli that is detectable is known as the _______
difference threshold
Jane noticed small flashes of light after she closed her eyes at night. Such visual sensations caused by the mechanical excitation of the retina are known as ________.
phosphenes
What small cup-shaped area in the retina contains only cones and is associated with the sharpest vision?
Fovea
The ________ theory states that vision analyzes colors into “either-or” messages.
opponent process
excessive wax buildup, which significantly reduced the transfer of vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. This example illustrates ________ hearing loss.
conductive
Olfaction and gestation are known as the ________ senses.
chemical
Many experts now believe that a fifth taste quality exists. What Japanese word is used to describe the taste receptors that are sensitive to glutamate?
Umami
What sensory system is associated with maintaining balance?
vestibular
A bottleneck theory is another term that describes ________ attention.
selective
The continuously dripping faucet in the bathroom at night is known to draw attention because it is ________.
repetitious
Which of the following is a binocular depth cue?
convergence
bias in our ability to recognize people from other races is known as the ________ effect.
other-race
________ often lead us to see what we expect to see
perceptual sets
On the Fourth of July, Willie could almost see his entire name when he wrote it in the air with a “sparkler.” This fleeting mental image represents which type of memory?
sensory memory
________ determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory.
selective attention
George Miller’s “magic number”, average number of “bits” of information that short-term memory can usually handle.
7
Which of the following techniques might be used to “jog” the memory of an eyewitness?
cognitive interview
Research by Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggests that when new long-term memories are stored, older memories are ________.
revised
A ________ state refers to people’s ability to tell beforehand whether or not they have access to an accurate memory.
feeling of knowing
________ memories lie outside of awareness.
implicit
________ is the most sensitive measure of memory.
relearning
According to the work of Ebbinghaus, forgetting is
rapid at first, then slowly declines
Thinking is a mental expression or ________ of a problem or situation.
internal representation
Which of the following is not a basic unit of thought as described in the text? language, images, ideas, or concepts
ideas
A ________ is an ideal model used to identify concepts
prototypes
________ refers to speech sounds that are collected into meaningful units.
morphemes
The Gardners taught Washoe, a chimpanzee, to use ASL. At her peak, Washoe could use about ________ signs.
240
According to Chomsky (1986), humans actively create sentences by applying ________ to universal, core patterns.
transformation rules
When a problem is solved by rote, thinking is guided by a(n) ________.
algorithm
When asked to solve a problem, Mike thought of a solution, but he did not want to act on it for fear of making a mistake and looking foolish. This illustrates which common barrier to problem solving?
emotional
The stage of creative thought where an “A-ha!” experience follows an instance of rapid insight is the ________ stage.
illumination
According to de Bono, one way to seek varied input in problem solving is to
look up random words in the dictionary
How is the Wechsler or WAIS Intelligence test different from the Stanford-Binet test?
it was designed to test adult intelligence
Who studied 1,500 children with IQs above 140 as they aged over time?
Terman. Kekule, none, Piaget
terman
What is the correlation between IQ scores of identical twins reared together?
.80, .72, .90, .86
.86
