Multiple choice

Question 1

what does biology study?

Answer 1

-origins of life and history of life and once-living things
-structures of living things
-how living things interact with one another
-how living things function

Question 2

what are the 8 characteristics of life?

Answer 2

-made of one or more cells
-displays organization
-grows and develops
-reproduces
-require energy
-ability to maintain homeostasis
-responds to stimuli
-able to adapt to environment

Question 3

what is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things?

Answer 3

-cell

Question 4

specialized cells that work together as a group is called…

Answer 4

-tissues

Question 5

tissues are organized into..

Answer 5

-organs

Question 6

what works together to support an organism?

Answer 6

-organ system

Question 7

difference between growth and development

Answer 7

-GROWTH results in the addition of mass in organism and most of them forms new cells and structures.
-DEVELOPMENT is the natural changes that take place in the life of an organism

Question 8

define reproduction

Answer 8

-not essential for survival of an individual but essential for the continuation of the species.

Question 9

where is fertile offspring from?

Answer 9

-species that is a group of organism that can breed with one another

Question 10

causes a reaction is called?

Answer 10

-stimulus

Question 11

reaction to a stimulus is…

Answer 11

-response

Question 12

what is the role of energy?

Answer 12

-it acts as a source for plants and some unicellelular organisms which uses light energy from the sun (photosynthesis) to make their own food and fuel their activities.

Question 13

define homeostasis

Answer 13

-regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life

Question 14

define adaptation

Answer 14

-any inherited characteristic that result from changes to a species over time.
-it enables organism to survive and pass their genes to next generation

Question 15

what do biologists do?

Answer 15

-study diversity of life
-research diseases
-develop techniques
-improve agriculture
-preserve the environment

Question 16

what is science?

Answer 16

-body of knowledge based on study of nature

Question 17

what is scientific inquiry?

Answer 17

-both creative and process rooted in unbiased observations and experimentation

Question 18

difference between theory and scientific law

Answer 18

-theory is an explanation of natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time
-scientific law describes relationships under certain condition in nature but doesn’t explain why the way it is.

Question 19

characteristics of theory

Answer 19

-based on countless observations and experiments
-have extensive evidence
-enable biologists to make prediction

Question 20

characteristics of scientific law

Answer 20

-statement of fact
-accepted to be true
-universal

Question 21

what is pseudoscience?

Answer 21

-imitates science but do not provide science-based evidences

Question 22

what is science-based information?

Answer 22

-makes claims based on larger amount of data and observations obtained from unbiased investigations and carefully controlled experimentation.

Question 23

what is peer review?

Answer 23

-process where procedures used in experiment are evaluated by scientists who are in the same field or people who are studying the same research

Question 24

what does scientific inquiry involves?

Answer 24

-asking question and processing information from various reliable sources.

Question 25

define hypothesis

Answer 25

-testable explanation of situation

Question 26

control group vs experimental group

Answer 26

-CONTROL GROUP are the people in the experiment used for comparison -EXPERIMENTAL GROUP are the people in the experiment who are exposed to the factor being tested.

Question 27

Independent variable vs dependent variable

Answer 27

-INDEPENDENT VARIABLE has only one factor in a controlled experiment that can change at a time -DEPENDENT VARIABLE depends on the result or changes from the IV

Question 28

define data

Answer 28

-information gained from observation

Question 29

What are the two types of data?

Answer 29

-QUALITATIVE DATA is the description of what our senses detect -QUANTITATIVE DATA can be measurements of time, temp. , length, area, mass, volume,etc..

Question 30

what is metric system?

Answer 30

-system units with divisions that are powers of ten

Question 31

what does SI stands for? why is it used?

Answer 31

-International System of Units -commonly used for consistency and ease of communication.

Question 32

T or F: Even when a hypothesis has not been supported, the graph/evidence is still valuable.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

define spontaneous generation

Answer 33

-idea that life arises from non life

Question 34

who is the scientist that disproved spontaneous generation and developed biogenesis?

Answer 34

-Francesco Redi

Question 35

what is the theory biogenesis?

Answer 35

-idea that life comes from another life. -flies that arose spontaneously from rotting meat

Question 36

who is Louis Pasteur?

Answer 36

-designed an experiment to show that biogenesis was true even for microorganisms (pasteurization)

Question 37

What is primordial soup hypothesis?

Answer 37

-early hypothesis about the orgin of life. -organic molecules could have been synthesized from simple reactions

Question 38

what is the possible primary energy sources of primordial soup hypothesis?

Answer 38

-UV light from the Sun and discharge in lightning

Question 39

what happened in 1953?

Answer 39

-Stanley Miller and Harold Urey showed that simple organic molecules could be made from inorganic compounds.

Question 40

what is the second origin of life theory? what is it?

Answer 40

-hydrothermal volcanic event of deep sea -belief that organic reactions began in the deep sea where sulfur forms the base of food

Question 41

what are the species that live in this environment?

Answer 41

-modern prokaryotes and archaea (closest relative of first cells)

Question 42

what is the third origin of life theory? what is it?

Answer 42

-panspermia -states that meteorites brought the first organic molecules to Earth.

Question 43

what does it say about the one possible mechanism of proteins?

Answer 43

-if amino acids were bound to a clay particle

Question 44

what does biologists consider as the life's first coding system?

Answer 44

RNA

Question 45

what does other researchers proposed about the clay?

Answer 45

-clay crystals could have been provided an initial template for RNA replication

Question 46

what are the first cells that scientists hypothesized?

Answer 46

-prokaryotes

Question 47

what is modern prokaryotes also called?

Answer 47

-they are called archaea who are the closest relative of Earth's first cells.

Question 48

how many years ago since fossil evidence of cyanobacteria has been found in rocks?

Answer 48

-3.5 billion years ago

Question 49

what does cyanobacteria do?

Answer 49

-eventually produced enough oxygen to support formation of the ozone layer

Question 50

this theory explains the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Answer 50

-Endosymbiont theory by Lynn Margulis in 1966

Question 51

evidences of endosymbiont theory?

Answer 51

-Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA which is arranged in circular pattern just like in prokaryotes -have ribosomes that more closely resemble those in prokaryotic cells -mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce by binary fission which is independent from the rest of the cell just like prokaryotic cells.