Multiple Choice Flashcards
What is the primary function of glucose in cells?
A. Energy storage and fuel or
B. Protein synthesis?
A. Energy storage and fuel
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A. Nucleus or
b. Mitochondria
B mitochondria
What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
A. Ability to reproduce
B. Membrane bound nucleus
B. Membrane bound nucleus
( prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles)
What process involves the movement of water molecules across a membrane?
A.) diffusion
B. ) osmosis
B. Osmosis
What are the building blocks of proteins?
A. Amino acids
B.) nucleotides
A.) amino acids
What structure contains genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
A. ) nucleus
b.) plasma membrane
A.) nucleus
What type of organism makes its own food through photosynthesis?
A.) heterotrophic
B.) autotrophic
B.) autotrophic
(Autotrophs can produce its own food from sunlight, they are at the base of food chains)
Which molecule stores genetic information?
A) lipid
B.) nucleic acids
B. Nucleic acids
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
A.) energy production
B.) selective barrier
B. Selective barrier
Which type of organism belongs to neither the plant or animal kingdom?
A) protist b) bacteria
A. ) protist
What is main component of plant cell walls?
A. Proteins b, cellulose
B. Cellulose
Which process converts light energy into chemical energy?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
B. Photosynthesis
What are genes made of?
A. Lipids
B. DNA segments
B. DNA segments
What is a complex carbohydrate found in plants?
A. ) proteins
B. ) starch
B. Starch
Which theory states all living things are made of cells?
A. Atomic theory
B.) cell theory
B. Cell theory
What are nucleotides the building blocks of?
A.) proteins
B.) dna and rna
B. DNA and rna
What process involves molecules moving from high to low concentration?
A. Diffusion
B active transport
A. Diffusion
What type of organisms must obtain food from other sources
A. Autotrophic
B. Heterotropic
B. Hererotrophic
( heterotrophs can not make their own food, they are consumers that must eat other plants or animals for energy)
What structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells?
A. Cell walls
B. Plasma membrane
A. Cell walls
What is the primary energy source for cellular respiration?
A.) water
B.) glucose
B. Glucose
What process results in the formation of four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
A. Cytokinesis
B.) meiosis
B. Meiosis
In a food web what is the primary source of energy?
A. Herbivores
B. Sunlight
B sunlight
What term describes an organism that shows the dominant form of a trait and has two different alleles (Tt)
A. Homozygous recessive
B.) heterozygous
B. Heterozygous
•Heterozygous means the organism has two different alleles for a particular gene: one dominant allele (T) and one recessive allele (t).
•The dominant allele (T) determines the organism’s outward appearance (phenotype), so the organism will exhibit the dominant trait.
•The recessive allele (t) is masked in the presence of the dominant allele.
Which scientist is known as the “Father of Genetics “ a. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
B. Mendel
The father of genetics is Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and scientist. Mendel conducted groundbreaking experiments with pea plants in the mid-1800s, discovering the fundamental laws of inheritance. His work revealed how traits are passed from one generation to the next through discrete units of inheritance, now known as genes. Mendel’s laws of inheritance (the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment) laid the foundation for modern genetics.
What is the role of ATP in cells?
A. Break down proteins
B. Energy storage and transfer
B. ) energy storage and transfer
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) plays a crucial role in cells as the primary energy currency. It stores and provides energy for many cellular processes, including:
1. Cellular Work: ATP powers a wide range of cellular activities, including:
•Active transport: Moving molecules across cell membranes against their concentration gradient (e.g., sodium-potassium pump).
•Protein synthesis: Assembling amino acids into proteins.
•Muscle contraction: Facilitating the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.
•Cell division: Supporting the processes involved in mitosis and meiosis.
2. Energy Transfer: ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds. When a cell needs energy, ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), releasing energy that is used for cellular functions.
3. Metabolism: ATP is involved in both anabolic (energy-consuming) and catabolic (energy-releasing) reactions, facilitating the synthesis of molecules and the breakdown of nutrients.
In summary, ATP is vital for nearly all cellular functions that require energy. Without ATP, cells would be unable to perform basic tasks essential for life.
In energy pyramids what percentage of energy is typically transferred to the next level?
A. 90% b. 50% c. 10%
A. 10%
( this one was wrong on your study sheet. Check the info. And your notes please . You had 90% marked. However :
In an energy pyramid, approximately 10% of the energy is transferred to the next trophic level. This is known as the 10% rule.
Explanation:
•At each trophic level (e.g., producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers), energy is passed to the next level. However, only about 10% of the energy from one level is transferred to the next.
•The remaining 90% of energy is lost as heat or used for metabolic processes like movement, reproduction, and maintaining body temperature.
For example:
•Producers (plants) capture solar energy and use it for photosynthesis.
•Primary consumers (herbivores) eat plants, but only about 10% of the energy from the plants is transferred to the herbivores.
•Secondary consumers (carnivores) eat the herbivores, but only about 10% of the energy from the herbivores is transferred to them.
This significant loss of energy at each trophic level explains why there are fewer organisms at higher levels of the food chain.
What are enzymes?
A. Genetic material b.) biological catalysts
B.) biological catalysts
What are enzymes?
A. Genetic material b.) biological catalysts
B.) biological catalysts
Yes, enzymes are biological catalysts.
Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms
Which law states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation?
A. Law of independent assortment
B. Law of segregation
B. Law of segregation
Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent, and these alleles separate (segregate) during the formation of gametes (egg and sperm cells). As a result, each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
What represents the physical appearance of a an organism?
A. A phenotype
B. A prototype
A. Phenotype
In a food chain what are producers?
A. Carnivores
B. Organisms that make ( produce) their own food
B. Organisms that make their own food
During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes link up at the cells equator?
A. Anaphase
B. Metaphase
B. Metaphase
Which term describes having two identical alleles for a trait?
A. Heterozygous
B. Homozygous
B. Homozygous
The term for having two identical alleles for a trait is homozygous.
•Homozygous dominant (e.g., TT) means having two identical dominant alleles.
•Homozygous recessive (e.g., tt) means having two identical recessive alleles.
In both cases, the alleles are the same for a particular gene.
The gene chromosome theory states that
A. Genes are made of protein
B. That genes are located on chromosomes
B. Genes are located on chromosomes
Which best describes a recessive trait?
A. Always expressed in a phenotype
B. Only expressed when two recessive alleles are present
B only expressed when two recessive alleles
Are present
How many chromosomes does a human body normally contain?
A. 32. B) 46
46
What is the primary function of an ecosystem?
A) to produce oxygen
B. To maintain energy flow
To maintain energy flow and nutrient cycling
Which level of the energy pyramid has the most available energy?
A. Primary consumers
B. Producers
Producers
What type of cells undergo meiosis?
A. Reproductive cells
B muscle cells
A. Reproductive cells
What is the main evidence for evolution
A fossil records
B. Modern technologies
A. Fossil records
What happens when enzymes are exposed to very high temperatures?
A. They become denatured
B. They multiply
A. Denatured
When enzymes are exposed to very high temperatures, they can denature, which means their three-dimensional structure becomes altered. This change in structure affects the enzyme’s active site, where it binds to substrates, preventing it from functioning properly.
