Multiple choice

Question 1

Science of sport and exercise psychology

Answer 1

A process or method of learning about the world

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

The ultimate goal of the science of sport and exercise psychology.
A set of interrelated facts presenting a systematic view of some phenomenon in order to describe, explain and predict its future occurrences

Question 3

Theory derives from the following:

Answer 3

Describing
Explaining
Predicting
Controlling

Question 4

Study vs experiments

Answer 4

Study - investigator observes or assesses without changing the environment in any way
experiment - investigator manipulates variables while observing them, then examines how changes in one or more variables affect changes in others

Question 5

Strengths and limitations of scientifically derived knowledge

Answer 5

Strenghts - highly reliable, systematic and controlled
Limitations - often slow to evolve, lack of focus on external validity

Question 6

Strengths and limitations of professional practice knowledge

Answer 6

Strenghts - hollistic, innovative
Limitations - less reliable, greater suspectibility to bias

Question 7

What does the RE-AIM model of knowledge interaction stand for

Answer 7

Reach
Efficacy
Adoption
Implementation
Maintenance

Question 8

Science of coaching

Answer 8

Teaching focuses on using general scientific principles

Question 9

Art of coaching

Answer 9

Teaching is knowing when and how to individualise these general principles

Question 10

Psychophysiological Orientation

Answer 10

Examines underlying psychophysiological
processes of the brain as causes of behavior

Question 11

Social–Psychological Orientation

Answer 11

Behavior is determined by a complex interaction of
the social environment and the personal makeup of
the athlete or exerciser.
* Example: How a leader’s or coach’s style and
strategies foster group cohesion

Question 12

Cognitive–Behavioral Orientation

Answer 12

Behavior is determined by both the environment and
thoughts (cognitions).
* Example: Studying differences in confidence and
anxiety among tennis players with or without burnout

Question 13

What 3 elements make up the structure of personality?

Answer 13

Psychological core
Typical responses
Role related behaviour

Question 14

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 14

Behavior is determined by several
unconscious, constantly changing
factors that often conflict with one
another.

Question 15

Weakness of Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 15

Focuses almost entirely on internal determinants of behavior, giving little attention to
the social environment

Question 16

Elements of the big 5 model of personality

Answer 16

Neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientousness

Question 17

Athletes who play high-risk sports and team sports score higher on
___________ and lower on __________ than do athletes who play
low-risk sports and individual sports.

Extroversion and conscientiousness were _________ correlated with
physical activity levels

Neuroticism was _________ related to physical activity.

Answer 17

Athletes who play high-risk sports and team sports score higher on
extroversion and lower on conscientiousness than do athletes who play low-risk sports and individual sports.

Extroversion and conscientiousness were positively correlated with
physical activity levels

Neuroticism was negatively related to physical activity.

Question 18

Situational Approach

Answer 18

Behaviour is determined largely by the situation or environment.

e.g. An athlete who is normally quiet and shy
is likely to run towards an ecstatic crowd
screaming if he scored the winning
penalty

Question 19

Weakness of situational approach

Answer 19

• Situation will not always influence individual behavior
• an individual’s traits must also be considered

Question 20

Interactional Approach

Answer 20

Behaviour is determined by both the person and the situational factors
as well as by their interaction
The majority of contemporary sport and exercise psychologists favor the
interactional approach
There are no weaknesses of this appraoch

Question 21

Phenomenological Approach

Answer 21

Behaviour is best determined by accounting for situational and personal
characteristics
A person’s understanding and interpretation of oneself and
environment are critical
There are no weaknesses of this approach

Question 22

Integrative or Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 22

To understand personality, a
“whole person” perspective is
required, wherein one needs to
consider the dynamic interaction
of:
* biological factors
* dispositional traits
* adaptations one makes to situations
* and self-defined life stories or
narratives

Question 23

What is the direction of effort

Answer 23

whether an individual seeks
out, approaches, or is attracted to situations

Question 24

What is the intensity of effort

Answer 24

how much effort an
individual puts forth in a situation.