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biology classifications chapter 17 (finals re-study) > multiple choice > Flashcards

multiple choice Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what did the biologists use to organize information about the diversity of living things.

A

system of classification

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2
Q

who developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification.

A

aristotle

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3
Q

animals were classified according to the presence or absence of…

A

red blood

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4
Q

animals were further grouped according to their..

A

habitats and morphology

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5
Q

how are plants classified?

A

by their average size and structure as trees, shrubs, or herbs.

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6
Q

what is Linnaues’s system of classification?

A

first formal system of taxonomy.

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7
Q

Linnaeus’ method of naming organisms,called ______, gives each species a scientific name with ____ parts.

A

binomial nomenclature;two

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8
Q

what is the first part of linnaeus’ method of naming organisms? (define the term)

A

genus name; share common ancestor long time ago

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9
Q

what is the second part of linnaeus’ naming method? (Define the term)

A

specific epithet is the species name

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10
Q

the genus name is always _____, while the specific epithet are ____.

A

uppercase;lowercase

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11
Q

if the scientific name is written in printed book or magazine, it should be ______. If the scientific name is written by hand, both parts of the name should be ____.

A

italicized;underlined

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12
Q

the taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a _______.

A

nested-hierarchial system

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13
Q

taxonomic categories are arranged from? (what is the mnemonic?)

A

broadest to most specific
DKPCOFGS (Do Kids Prefer Candy Over Fried Green Spinach)

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14
Q

a named group of organisms is called?

A

taxa

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15
Q

what is genus (plural;genera)?

A

group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor

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16
Q

what is the next higher taxon that consists of similar, related genera?

A

family

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17
Q

what does the each of the following contains?
-order
-class
-phylum/division

A

order-related families
class-related orders
phylumm/division-related classes

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18
Q

what is kingdom?

A

taxon of related phyla or divisions

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19
Q

what is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms?

A

domain

20
Q

what is the biological species concept define?

A

defines species as a group of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce infertie offspring in a natural setting.

21
Q

this term refers to the evolutionary history of a species

A

phylogeny

22
Q

what does the phylogenic species concept define?

A

defines a species as a cluster of organisms that is distinct from other clusters and shows evidence of a pattern of ancestry and descent.

23
Q

scientists construct patterns of descent by using?c

A

characters

24
Q

characters can be?

A

morphological or biochemical

25
Q

what does shared morphological characters suggest?

A

species are related closely and evolved from a recent common ancestor.

26
Q

these kind of characters are those that have the same function but different underlying construction.

A

analogous characters

27
Q

define homologous characters.

A

they might perform different functions, but show an anotomical similarly inherited from a common ancestor. (same construction)

28
Q

scientists use biochemical characters, such as ______ (____) and _____ (___), to help them determine evolutionary relationships among species.

A

amino acids (proteins) and nucleotide (DNA)

29
Q

what are the two analyses that are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies.

A

DNA and RNA

30
Q

what is the use of molecular clocks?

A

it compares the DNA sequences or amino acid sequences of genes that are shared by different species.

31
Q

the _____ MUTATIONS that have accumulated, the MORE _____ that has passed since divergence.

A

MORE;TIME

32
Q

the rate of mutation is affected by:

A

-type of mutation
-where the mutation is in the genome
-type of protein that the mutation affects
-population in which the mutation occurs

33
Q

______ reconstructs phylogenics based on SHARED characteristics.

A

cladistics

34
Q

define the two main types of characters when doing cladistic analyis:
-ancestral character
-derived character

A

ancestral- found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms.
derived-present members of one grouo of the line but NOT in the common ancestor.

35
Q

what is cladograms?

A

GREATER the number derived characters shared by groups, the MORE recently the groups share a common ancestor.

36
Q

most widely used biological classification system has how many kingdoms and domains?

A

six kingdoms and three domains

37
Q

what are the three domains? what are the six kingdoms?

A

-DOMAINS:bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
-KINGDOMS: bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plantae, and animalia

38
Q

domain bacteria
-define eubacteria

A

-prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-can survive in many different environments

39
Q

define domain archaea.

A

-diverse in shape and nutrition requirements
-extremophile
-lacks peptidoglycan

40
Q

define extremophile.

A

-they can live in extreme environments

41
Q

define domain eukarya

A

-all eukaryotes are classified in this domain.
-contains kingdom protista, kingdom fungi, kingdom plantae, and kingdom animalia

42
Q

define kingdom protista.

A

-protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
-classified as plant-like, animal-like, and funguslike

43
Q

define kingdom fungi

A

-unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that ABSORBS NUTRIENTS from ogranic materials in its environment.
-heterotrophic, lack of motility, and have cell walls that contains CHITIN

44
Q

define kingdom plantae.

A

-members form the base of all terrestrial habitats
-multicellular and have cell walls composed of CELLULOSE.
-most plants are autotrophs (perform photosynthesis), but some are heterotrophic.

45
Q

define kingdom animalia.

A

-heterotrophic (INGEST FOOD), multicellular, eukaryotes.
-animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems.
-live in water, on land, and in the air.

46
Q

what are the characteristics of viruses?

A

-exception in domains and kingdoms
-nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat
-do not possess cells, nor they are cells
-not considered to be iving
-usually not placed in the biological classification system

47
Q

what is the energy source of the following?
-protista
-fungi
-animalia
-plantae

A

-protista:organic substance
-fungi:bonds of the organic substance
-animalia:carbohydrates, primarily glucose
-plantae:sun

biology classifications chapter 17 (finals re-study) (1 decks)

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