multiple choice

Question 1

what did the biologists use to organize information about the diversity of living things.

Answer 1

system of classification

Question 2

who developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification.

Answer 2

aristotle

Question 3

animals were classified according to the presence or absence of…

Answer 3

red blood

Question 4

animals were further grouped according to their..

Answer 4

habitats and morphology

Question 5

how are plants classified?

Answer 5

by their average size and structure as trees, shrubs, or herbs.

Question 6

what is Linnaues’s system of classification?

Answer 6

first formal system of taxonomy.

Question 7

Linnaeus’ method of naming organisms,called ______, gives each species a scientific name with ____ parts.

Answer 7

binomial nomenclature;two

Question 8

what is the first part of linnaeus’ method of naming organisms? (define the term)

Answer 8

genus name; share common ancestor long time ago

Question 9

what is the second part of linnaeus’ naming method? (Define the term)

Answer 9

specific epithet is the species name

Question 10

the genus name is always _____, while the specific epithet are ____.

Answer 10

uppercase;lowercase

Question 11

if the scientific name is written in printed book or magazine, it should be ______. If the scientific name is written by hand, both parts of the name should be ____.

Answer 11

italicized;underlined

Question 12

the taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a _______.

Answer 12

nested-hierarchial system

Question 13

taxonomic categories are arranged from? (what is the mnemonic?)

Answer 13

broadest to most specific
DKPCOFGS (Do Kids Prefer Candy Over Fried Green Spinach)

Question 14

a named group of organisms is called?

Answer 14

taxa

Question 15

what is genus (plural;genera)?

Answer 15

group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor

Question 16

what is the next higher taxon that consists of similar, related genera?

Answer 16

family

Question 17

what does the each of the following contains?
-order
-class
-phylum/division

Answer 17

order-related families
class-related orders
phylumm/division-related classes

Question 18

what is kingdom?

Answer 18

taxon of related phyla or divisions

Question 19

what is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms?

Answer 19

domain

Question 20

what is the biological species concept define?

Answer 20

defines species as a group of organisms that is able to interbreed and produce infertie offspring in a natural setting.

Question 21

this term refers to the evolutionary history of a species

Answer 21

phylogeny

Question 22

what does the phylogenic species concept define?

Answer 22

defines a species as a cluster of organisms that is distinct from other clusters and shows evidence of a pattern of ancestry and descent.

Question 23

scientists construct patterns of descent by using?c

Answer 23

characters

Question 24

characters can be?

Answer 24

morphological or biochemical

Question 25

what does shared morphological characters suggest?

Answer 25

species are related closely and evolved from a recent common ancestor.

Question 26

these kind of characters are those that have the same function but different underlying construction.

Answer 26

analogous characters

Question 27

define homologous characters.

Answer 27

they might perform different functions, but show an anotomical similarly inherited from a common ancestor. (same construction)

Question 28

scientists use biochemical characters, such as ______ (____) and _____ (___), to help them determine evolutionary relationships among species.

Answer 28

amino acids (proteins) and nucleotide (DNA)

Question 29

what are the two analyses that are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies.

Answer 29

DNA and RNA

Question 30

what is the use of molecular clocks?

Answer 30

it compares the DNA sequences or amino acid sequences of genes that are shared by different species.

Question 31

the _____ MUTATIONS that have accumulated, the MORE _____ that has passed since divergence.

Answer 31

MORE;TIME

Question 32

the rate of mutation is affected by:

Answer 32

-type of mutation -where the mutation is in the genome -type of protein that the mutation affects -population in which the mutation occurs

Question 33

______ reconstructs phylogenics based on SHARED characteristics.

Answer 33

cladistics

Question 34

define the two main types of characters when doing cladistic analyis: -ancestral character -derived character

Answer 34

ancestral- found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms. derived-present members of one grouo of the line but NOT in the common ancestor.

Question 35

what is cladograms?

Answer 35

GREATER the number derived characters shared by groups, the MORE recently the groups share a common ancestor.

Question 36

most widely used biological classification system has how many kingdoms and domains?

Answer 36

six kingdoms and three domains

Question 37

what are the three domains? what are the six kingdoms?

Answer 37

-DOMAINS:bacteria, archaea, and eukarya -KINGDOMS: bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plantae, and animalia

Question 38

domain bacteria -define eubacteria

Answer 38

-prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan -can survive in many different environments

Question 39

define domain archaea.

Answer 39

-diverse in shape and nutrition requirements -extremophile -lacks peptidoglycan

Question 40

define extremophile.

Answer 40

-they can live in extreme environments

Question 41

define domain eukarya

Answer 41

-all eukaryotes are classified in this domain. -contains kingdom protista, kingdom fungi, kingdom plantae, and kingdom animalia

Question 42

define kingdom protista.

Answer 42

-protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular -classified as plant-like, animal-like, and funguslike

Question 43

define kingdom fungi

Answer 43

-unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that ABSORBS NUTRIENTS from ogranic materials in its environment. -heterotrophic, lack of motility, and have cell walls that contains CHITIN

Question 44

define kingdom plantae.

Answer 44

-members form the base of all terrestrial habitats -multicellular and have cell walls composed of CELLULOSE. -most plants are autotrophs (perform photosynthesis), but some are heterotrophic.

Question 45

define kingdom animalia.

Answer 45

-heterotrophic (INGEST FOOD), multicellular, eukaryotes. -animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems. -live in water, on land, and in the air.

Question 46

what are the characteristics of viruses?

Answer 46

-exception in domains and kingdoms -nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat -do not possess cells, nor they are cells -not considered to be iving -usually not placed in the biological classification system

Question 47

what is the energy source of the following? -protista -fungi -animalia -plantae

Answer 47

-protista:organic substance -fungi:bonds of the organic substance -animalia:carbohydrates, primarily glucose -plantae:sun