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Ethics > Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Multiple Choice Flashcards

1
Q

What is Socrates’ view on the importance of knowledge in ethics?
a) Knowledge is irrelevant to ethical actions
b) Knowledge is virtue and leads to happiness
c) Knowledge is detrimental to moral development
d) Knowledge impedes the pursuit of happiness

A

Knowledge is virtue and leads to happiness

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2
Q

According to Socrates, what is the significance of knowing oneself?
a) It is irrelevant to moral actions
b) It is crucial for performing moral actions
c) It leads to ignorance and confusion
d) It distracts from the pursuit of happiness

A

It is crucial for performing moral actions

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3
Q

What did Protagoras believe about moral codes?
a) They are essential for societal harmony
b) They are natural restrictions on human freedom
c) They are arbitrary and should be disregarded
d) They are divine mandates to be followed unquestioningly

A

They are natural restrictions on human freedom

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4
Q

How did the jury in Athens respond to Socrates’ defense?
a) They acquitted him of all charges
b) They voted for his conviction and execution
c) They declared him a hero of the city
d) They exiled him from Athens

A

They voted for his conviction and execution

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5
Q

What institution did Plato found in Athens?
a) The Academy of Ethics
b) The School of Philosophy
c) The Gymnasium of Reason
d) The Academy

A

The Academy

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6
Q

According to Plato, what are the four chief virtues of the soul?
a) Happiness, wealth, power, and pleasure
b) Wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance
c) Ignorance, injustice, cowardice, and excess
d) Indifference, deceit, apathy, and recklessness

A

Wisdom, justice, courage, and temperance

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7
Q

What does Plato believe is the source of real knowledge?
a) Emotion
b) Experience
c) Reason
d) Tradition

A

Reason

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8
Q

According to Plato, what is the highest part of the soul?
a) Emotion
b) Appetite
c) Reason
d) Desires

A

Reason

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9
Q

What does Plato prioritize over the health of the body?
a) Wealth
b) Fame
c) The health of the soul
d) Physical pleasures

A

The health of the soul

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10
Q

According to Plato, what is worse than suffering injustice?
a) Wealth loss
b) Death
c) Physical pain
d) Dishonor

A

Death

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11
Q

How does Plato define goodness?
a) Subjective and variable
b) Relative to individual desires
c) Absolute and unchangeable
d) Dependent on societal norms

A

Absolute and unchangeable

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12
Q

What does Plato believe moral knowledge is coded in?
a) Society
b) Religion
c) The universe
d) Philosophy

A

The universe

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13
Q

According to Plato, what are the forms?
a) Impermanent and changing
b) Subjective and variable
c) Permanent and timeless
d) Arbitrary and man-made

A

Permanent and timeless

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14
Q

What does Plato believe about the objectivity of moral principles?
a) They are subjective and dependent on human inclination
b) They are variable and change with time
c) They are superior to human desires and opinions
d) They are irrelevant to ethical decision-making

A

They are superior to human desires and opinions

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15
Q

What does Plato propose for individuals incapable of rigorous philosophical thinking?
a) They should be exiled from society
b) They should be guided and ruled by morally gifted individuals
c) They should be imprisoned for their ignorance
d) They should be given special privileges

A

They should be guided and ruled by morally gifted individuals

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16
Q

In Plato’s Republic, who would rule as kings according to his vision?
a) The wealthy elites
b) The military leaders
c) The philosophers
d) The politicians

A

The philosophers

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17
Q

What basis does Plato suggest for the rule of philosopher-rulers?
a) Wealth
b) Military power
c) Rational knowledge and superior character
d) Hereditary lineage

A

Rational knowledge and superior character

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18
Q

What does Plato emphasize as essential for ruling in his Republic?
a) Physical strength
b) Emotional intelligence
c) Insight and vision
d) Wealth and resources

A

Insight and vision

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19
Q

According to Socrates, what is the source of virtue?
a) Knowledge
b) Wealth
c) Power
d) Emotion

A

Knowledge

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20
Q

Which philosopher rebelled against established moral codes according to the text?
a) Socrates
b) Plato
c) Aristotle
d) Protagoras

A

Protagoras

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21
Q

What is the central goal of Socrates’ ethical philosophy?
a) Pursuit of pleasure
b) Attainment of power
c) Acquisition of knowledge
d) Satisfaction of desires

A

Acquisition of knowledge

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22
Q

According to Plato, what is the role of reason in ethics?
a) Reason should be ignored in ethical decision-making
b) Reason is the sole source of moral knowledge
c) Reason is irrelevant to ethics
d) Reason should be supplemented by emotions in ethics

A

Reason is the sole source of moral knowledge

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23
Q

What is Plato’s view on the health of the soul?
a) It is less important than physical health
b) It is irrelevant to human well-being
c) It is the supreme occupation of everyone
d) It is beyond human understanding

A

It is the supreme occupation of everyone

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24
Q

According to Plato, what is worse than suffering injustice?
a) Poverty
b) Ignorance
c) Death
d) Dishonor

A

Death

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25
Q

What does Plato believe about moral standards?
a) They are subjective and changeable
b) They are objective and eternal
c) They are dependent on societal norms
d) They are irrelevant to human behavior

A

They are objective and eternal

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26
Q

According to Aristotle, what is the highest good achievable by human action?
A) Wealth
B) Power
C) Happiness
D) Fame

A

Happiness

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27
Q

Aristotle’s ethics emphasizes the importance of:
A) Embracing extremes
B) Pursuing pleasure at all costs
C) Cultivating virtue and moderation
D) Achieving absolute knowledge

A

Cultivating virtue and moderation

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28
Q

What did Aristotle consider as the function of reason in human life?
A) Contemplating the eternal and divine
B) Achieving material success
C) Fulfilling bodily desires
D) Pursuing pleasure without restraint

A

Contemplating the eternal and divine

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29
Q

Which virtues did Aristotle advocate for the self-control of human nature?
A) Laziness and indifference
B) Arrogance and selfishness
C) Temperance and courage
D) Deception and manipulation

A

Temperance and courage

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30
Q

Aristotle’s disagreement with Plato primarily revolves around:
A) The role of emotions in decision making
B) The importance of knowledge in virtue
C) The necessity of punishment for moral transgressions
D) The concept of the golden mean

A

The importance of knowledge in virtue

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31
Q

According to Aristotle, when does true virtue arise in an individual?
A) When they avoid punishment
B) When they act out of habit
C) When they understand and choose to act virtuously
D) When they seek external rewards

A

When they understand and choose to act virtuously

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32
Q

What does Aristotle propose as the philosophy of moderation?
A) The pursuit of absolute extremes
B) The pursuit of wealth and power
C) The golden mean between two extremes
D) The rejection of virtuous actions

A

The golden mean between two extremes

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33
Q

Aristotle’s concept of courage is defined as the mean between:
A) Fearlessness and cowardice
B) Foolishness and cowardice
C) Foolishness and recklessness
D) Fear and rashness

A

Fear and rashness

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34
Q

According to Aristotle, which of the following actions or passions does not admit of a mean?
A) Generosity
B) Spite
C) Temperance
D) Self-respect

A

Spite

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35
Q

Aristotle’s view on the existence of absolute standards of good and evil:
A) Disagrees with Plato
B) Rejects the concept entirely
C) Emphasizes the importance of subjective standards
D) Supports Plato’s view without reservation

A

Disagrees with Plato

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36
Q

What did Aristotle emphasize regarding the relevance of absolute standards of good and evil?
A) Their irrelevance to everyday life
B) Their importance in remote abstractions
C) Their applicability to ordinary life
D) Their universality across all cultures

A

Their applicability to ordinary life

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37
Q

Aristotle’s understanding of good is primarily linked to:
A) Material wealth
B) Pleasure and indulgence
C) The excellence in performing one’s function
D) Exercising power over others

A

The excellence in performing one’s function

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38
Q

According to Aristotle, what is the role of reason in human life?
a) To control emotions
b) To pursue knowledge
c) To achieve happiness
d) All of the above

A

All of the above

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39
Q

In Aristotle’s ethics, what is the role of reason?
A) To indulge in passions without restraint
B) To pursue pleasure at all costs
C) To guide and moderate human actions
D) To eliminate emotions entirely

A

To guide and moderate human actions

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40
Q

According to Aristotle, what is the relationship between happiness and reason?
A) Happiness depends solely on external factors
B) Happiness is achieved through the pursuit of wealth
C) Reason plays a crucial role in attaining happiness
D) Happiness is unattainable for most individuals

A

Reason plays a crucial role in attaining happiness

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41
Q

Which of the following virtues did Aristotle emphasize for the governance of public acts?
A) Generosity
B) Self-respect
C) Temperance
D) Justice

A

Justice

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42
Q

Aristotle’s philosophy of moderation is often referred to as the:
A) Golden standard
B) Golden rule
C) Golden mean
D) Golden opportunity

A

Golden mean

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43
Q

Aristotle’s concept of courage advocates for:
A) Avoiding all dangers
B) Facing every danger recklessly
C) Striking a balance between cowardice and rashness
D) Eliminating fear entirely

A

Striking a balance between cowardice and rashness

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44
Q

According to Aristotle, virtue lies in:
A) Excess and deficiency
B) Striving for the mean between two extremes
C) Avoiding virtuous actions
D) Pursuing absolute indulgence

A

Striving for the mean between two extremes

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45
Q

Aristotle’s ethics differ from Plato’s in their emphasis on:
A) The importance of knowledge in virtue
B) The rejection of absolute standards of good and evil
C) The pursuit of extremes in human behavior
D) The irrelevance of emotions in decision making

A

The importance of knowledge in virtue

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46
Q

Aristotle believed that true virtue arises when individuals:
A) Act out of habit
B) Seek external rewards
C) Understand and choose to act virtuously
D) Avoid punishment

A

Understand and choose to act virtuously

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47
Q

What does Aristotle propose as the basis of a good life?
A) Pursuit of wealth and power
B) Pursuit of pleasure without restraint
C) Striving for the mean between two extremes
D) Embracing absolute indulgence

A

Striving for the mean between two extremes

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48
Q

Aristotle’s concept of moderation suggests:
A) Embracing excess in all actions
B) Rejecting all forms of pleasure
C) Finding balance between extremes
D) Pursuing extremes without restraint

A

Finding balance between extremes

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49
Q

What did Aristotle establish after leaving Plato’s Academy?
a) The Athenian Academy
b) The School of Athens
c) The Lyceum
d) The Academy of Aristotle

A

The Lyceum

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50
Q

Which of the following is NOT a virtue emphasized by Aristotle?
a) Courage
b) Arrogance
c) Generosity
d) Self-respect

A

Arrogance

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51
Q

Which philosopher heavily influenced Aristotle during his early education?
a) Socrates
b) Plato
c) Heraclitus
d) Pythagoras

A

Plato

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52
Q

Aristotle’s concept of virtue is primarily concerned with:
a) Pursuit of pleasure
b) Rational activity in accordance with virtue
c) Accumulation of wealth
d) Exercise of power

A

Rational activity in accordance with virtue

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53
Q

Which of the following is NOT a virtue mentioned by Aristotle?
a) Temperance
b) Generosity
c) Greed
d) Justice

A

Greed

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54
Q

What did Aristotle believe is necessary for true generosity to develop in an individual?
a) External rewards
b) Punishment
c) Understanding and voluntary choice
d) None of the above

A

Understanding and voluntary choice

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55
Q

Aristotle’s philosophy places importance on:
a) Remote abstractions
b) Virtues of ordinary non-philosophic individuals
c) Pursuit of power
d) Accumulation of material possessions

A

Virtues of ordinary non-philosophic individuals

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56
Q

What is the dual function of reason in human life, according to Aristotle?
a) Control over emotions and exercise of reason for its own sake
b) Pursuit of wealth and pursuit of power
c) Pursuit of pleasure and pursuit of knowledge
d) None of the above

A

Control over emotions and exercise of reason for its own sake

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57
Q

What is the central tenet of Ethical Hedonism?
a) Pleasure alone is morally good
b) Pain alone is morally good
c) Both pleasure and pain are morally good
d) Neither pleasure nor pain is morally relevant

A

Pleasure alone is morally good

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58
Q

Who among the following philosophers emphasizes the quantity of pleasure in Hedonism?
a) Epicurus
b) Aristotle
c) Socrates
d) Aristippus

A

Aristippus

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59
Q

According to Aristippus, what is the highest good?
a) Virtue
b) Pleasure
c) Wisdom
d) Justice

A

Pleasure

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60
Q

How does Epicureanism differ from Aristippan Hedonism in terms of pleasure?
a) Epicureanism emphasizes quantity, while Aristippan Hedonism emphasizes quality
b) Epicureanism emphasizes quality, while Aristippan Hedonism emphasizes quantity
c) Both emphasize quality
d) Both emphasize quantity

A

Epicureanism emphasizes quality, while Aristippan Hedonism emphasizes quantity

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61
Q

Which philosopher founded the school of Epicureanism?
a) Socrates
b) Plato
c) Epicurus
d) Aristotle

A

Epicurus

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62
Q

According to Epicureanism, what is the highest good?
a) Prudence
b) Tranquility
c) Pleasure
d) Virtue

A

Prudence

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63
Q

What does Epicurus consider as the greatest threat to peace of mind?
a) Pain
b) Anxiety
c) Social involvement
d) Death

A

Anxiety

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64
Q

Which of the following is considered a dynamic pleasure by Epicurus?
a) Friendship
b) Drinking
c) Tranquility
d) Moderation

A

Drinking

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65
Q

According to Epicureanism, what should be avoided to maintain tranquility?
a) Excessive pleasure
b) Excessive pain
c) Social involvement
d) Physical gratification

A

Social involvement

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66
Q

What is Epicurus’ view on the pursuit of fame through public service?
a) It brings tranquility
b) It is a dynamic pleasure
c) It is advisable
d) It is accompanied by distress

A

It is accompanied by distress

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67
Q

According to Aristippus, what is the role of virtue in achieving happiness?
a) Virtue leads to tranquility
b) Virtue is the highest good
c) Virtue enhances the capacity for enjoyment
d) Virtue leads to physical gratification

A

Virtue enhances the capacity for enjoyment

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68
Q

What does Epicurus believe brings perfect happiness through fulfillment?
a) Excessive pleasure
b) Suffering
c) Satisfaction of needs
d) Avoidance of pleasure

A

Satisfaction of needs

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69
Q

According to Epicureanism, what is the preferred type of pleasure?
a) Painlessness
b) Dynamic pleasures
c) Friendship
d) Satisfaction of needs

A

Satisfaction of needs

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70
Q

How does Epicurus view the absence of passions?
a) It leads to anxiety
b) It is undesirable
c) It occurs in the satisfaction of needs
d) It leads to physical gratification

A

It occurs in the satisfaction of needs

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71
Q

Which philosopher associated pleasure with mental or spiritual gratification?
a) Aristippus
b) Socrates
c) Epicurus
d) Plato

A

Epicurus

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72
Q

According to Aristippus, what is within a person’s power to enjoy?
a) The present
b) The past
c) The future
d) The external world

A

The present

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73
Q

Which of the following virtues does Epicureanism consider essential for tranquility?
a) Excessiveness
b) Cheerfulness
c) Indulgence
d) Gluttony

A

Cheerfulness

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74
Q

What did Epicurus believe was possible on a plain diet of barley gruel?
a) Painlessness
b) Tranquility
c) Perfect happiness
d) Excessive pleasure

A

Perfect happiness

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75
Q

According to Epicureanism, what is the greatest possession a wise man can have?
a) Wealth
b) Friendship
c) Fame
d) Power

A

Friendship

76
Q

How does Epicurus view marriage?
a) It brings tranquility
b) It is a passive pleasure
c) It involves many worries and responsibilities
d) It leads to mental peace

A

It involves many worries and responsibilities

77
Q

What distinguishes dynamic pleasures from passive pleasures according to Epicurus?
a) Dynamic pleasures are permanent
b) Dynamic pleasures are desirable
c) Dynamic pleasures lead to tranquility
d) Dynamic pleasures result in pain

A

Dynamic pleasures result in pain

78
Q

What type of pleasure did Aristippus consider most desirable?
a) Friendship
b) Mental or spiritual pleasure
c) Physical pleasure
d) Satisfaction of needs

A

Physical pleasure

79
Q

What did Epicurus believe is the preferred state regarding anxiety?
a) It should be embraced
b) It should be abolished
c) It should be endured
d) It should be ignored

A

It should be abolished

80
Q

What did Epicurus consider as the summun bonum?
a) Tranquility
b) Prudence/Insight
c) Friendship
d) Pleasure

A

Prudence/Insight

81
Q

What was the emphasis of Aristippus regarding the enjoyment of pleasure?
a) Excessiveness
b) Moderation
c) Abstinence
d) Isolation

A

Moderation

82
Q

According to Epicurus, which social involvement was associated with dynamic pleasures?
a) Marriage
b) Friendship
c) Public service
d) Isolated communities

A

Public service

83
Q

What did Aristippus consider the highest good?
a) Tranquility
b) Virtue
c) Pleasure
d) Prudence

A

Pleasure

84
Q

What was the emphasis of Epicurus regarding the virtues that bring tranquility?
a) Excessiveness
b) Simplicity
c) Indulgence
d) Gluttony

A

Simplicity

85
Q

Who is considered the founder of Stoicism?
a) Cicero
b) Seneca
c) Zeno
d) Marcus Aurelius

A

Zeno

86
Q

What is the meaning of “Stoic” derived from?
a) Zeno’s birthplace
b) A Greek philosopher
c) The painted porch where Zeno lectured
d) An ancient Greek city

A

The painted porch where Zeno lectured

87
Q

Who among the following is NOT a major Stoic philosopher?
a) Seneca
b) Epictetus
c) Aristotle
d) Marcus Aurelius

A

Aristotle

88
Q

Stoicism emphasizes attaining personal salvation in a:
a) Flourishing world
b) Stable society
c) Crumbling world
d) Utopian environment

A

Crumbling world

89
Q

According to Stoicism, what is in one’s power?
a) External circumstances
b) Personal choice
c) Material possessions
d) Other people’s actions

A

Personal choice

90
Q

What does Epictetus suggest about achieving mental freedom?
a) Through indulgence in material possessions
b) Through indifference to external circumstances
c) Through dependence on others’ actions
d) Through seeking pleasure and avoiding pain

A

Through indifference to external circumstances

91
Q

What is considered as the highest good in Stoicism?
a) Wealth
b) Pleasure
c) Virtue
d) Power

A

Virtue

92
Q

Stoics believe that freedom comes from:
a) Conforming to external circumstances
b) Surrendering one’s will
c) Maintaining an unconquerable will
d) Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain

A

Maintaining an unconquerable will

93
Q

According to Stoicism, what is the ideal state of mind?
a) Emotional turmoil
b) Inner peace
c) Anxiety
d) Anger

A

Inner peace

94
Q

What is considered the summum bonum in Stoicism?
a) Wealth
b) Fame
c) Virtue
d) Power

A

Virtue

95
Q

Stoics believe in living consistently with:
a) Wealth
b) Emotions
c) Nature
d) Social norms

A

Nature

96
Q

According to Stoicism, what needs to be expunged from the personality to maintain true health?
a) Rationality
b) Emotions
c) Material possessions
d) External circumstances

A

Emotions

97
Q

Stoics discern the natural law as:
a) The pursuit of pleasure
b) The domination of others
c) Pure rationality without concessions to passions
d) Living in accordance with societal norms

A

Pure rationality without concessions to passions

98
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the cardinal virtues in Stoicism?
a) Wisdom
b) Courage
c) Wealth
d) Justice

A

Wealth

99
Q

What do Stoics believe about predestination?
a) All events are fixed by gods and cannot be altered
b) Humans have complete control over their destiny
c) Fate is determined by one’s actions alone
d) The future is unpredictable and random

A

All events are fixed by gods and cannot be altered

100
Q

Stoicism endorses the permissibility of committing suicide as:
a) A first resort
b) A means of escape from responsibility
c) A last resort if life becomes unendurable
d) A form of entertainment

A

A last resort if life becomes unendurable

101
Q

Which Stoic philosopher wrote the “Meditations”?
a) Seneca
b) Epictetus
c) Cicero
d) Marcus Aurelius

A

Marcus Aurelius

102
Q

What did Stoics believe is the only good life?
a) A life of pure rationality without any concession to emotions
b) A life of indulgence in pleasures
c) A life of material abundance
d) A life of fame and recognition

A

A life of pure rationality without any concession to emotions

103
Q

Who among the following is known for his “Letters to Lucilius”?
a) Seneca
b) Marcus Aurelius
c) Epictetus
d) Zeno

A

Seneca

104
Q

Stoicism emphasizes wise, righteous living based on:
a) Materialism
b) Nature
c) Hedonism
d) Egoism

A

Nature

105
Q

According to Stoicism, what is the source of true happiness?
a) Wealth and possessions
b) Fame and recognition
c) Virtuous living in harmony with nature
d) Pursuit of pleasure

A

Virtuous living in harmony with nature

106
Q

Which Stoic philosopher was born a slave but became one of the most influential Stoic teachers?
a) Seneca
b) Marcus Aurelius
c) Epictetus
d) Zeno

A

Epictetus

107
Q

What is Stoicism’s view on external circumstances?
a) They determine one’s fate
b) They are within one’s control
c) They are irrelevant to personal happiness
d) They are the sole source of happiness

A

They are irrelevant to personal happiness

108
Q

Stoicism advocates for independence from:
a) Nature
b) Material possessions
c) Reason
d) Emotions

A

Emotions

109
Q

According to Stoicism, what is the highest good that one should strive for?
a) Wealth
b) Power
c) Virtue
d) Fame

A

Virtue

110
Q

Who was the Roman Emperor known for his Stoic philosophy and writings in “Meditations”?
a) Cicero
b) Epictetus
c) Marcus Aurelius
d) Seneca

A

Marcus Aurelius

111
Q

Stoicism advocates for achieving freedom through:
a) Indulgence in desires
b) Inner peace and mental strength
c) Pursuit of material wealth
d) Submission to external circumstances

A

Inner peace and mental strength

112
Q

What does Stoicism consider as the primary obstacle to personal freedom?
a) External circumstances
b) Social norms
c) Material possessions
d) Emotions

A

Emotions

113
Q

According to Judaism, what is the fundamental belief about God?
A) He is one among many gods
B) He is the creator of all things and ruler of the world
C) He is indifferent to human affairs
D) He is a mythological figure

A

He is the creator of all things and ruler of the world

114
Q

What is the central declaration of faith in Judaism?
A) “All gods are one”
B) “Gods are numerous and varied”
C) “Hear, O Israel, the Lord Our God, the Lord is One”
D) “God is an illusion”

A

“Hear, O Israel, the Lord Our God, the Lord is One”

115
Q

How many times a day are Jews required to pray according to traditional Jewish belief?
A) Once a day
B) Twice a day
C) Three times a day
D) Four times a day

A

Three times a day

116
Q

What is the significance of circumcision in Judaism?
A) It is a cultural tradition with no religious significance
B) It is a covenant between God and the Jewish people
C) It is a punishment for sin
D) It is a form of body modification

A

It is a covenant between God and the Jewish people

117
Q

According to Jewish belief, who are the prophets?
A) Ordinary individuals with no special significance
B) Messengers of God who reveal His will
C) Political leaders
D) Fictional characters

A

Messengers of God who reveal His will

118
Q

What is the main purpose of the covenant between God and Israel according to Judaism?
A) To establish dominance over other nations
B) To create a hierarchical society
C) To uphold the truth of God’s law and teach it to mankind
D) To exclude other nations from God’s grace

A

To uphold the truth of God’s law and teach it to mankind

119
Q

What is the role of the Messiah in Jewish belief?
A) To bring destruction upon the world
B) To establish a new world order
C) To restore God’s chosen people to the promised land
D) To enslave non-believers

A

To restore God’s chosen people to the promised land

120
Q

How does Judaism view the relationship between religion and morality?
A) They are unrelated
B) They are completely separate entities
C) They are intricately intertwined
D) Morality is superior to religion

A

They are intricately intertwined

121
Q

What is the Jewish perspective on the necessity of becoming Jewish to share in the world to come?
A) It is not necessary
B) It is mandatory
C) It is reserved only for certain individuals
D) It is a matter of personal choice

A

It is not necessary

122
Q

According to Judaism, what is essential for a non-Jew to do to share in the world to come?
A) Embrace idolatry
B) Engage in adultery and incest
C) Uphold justice and righteousness
D) Participate in robbery

A

Uphold justice and righteousness

123
Q

What is the main reason for Judaism’s rejection of Christianity?
A) The belief in multiple gods
B) The doctrine of original sin
C) The rejection of prophets
D) The absence of moral teachings

A

The doctrine of original sin

124
Q

What is the primary concern of the Halakah in Judaism?
A) Ritual purity
B) Political power
C) Cultural assimilation
D) Economic prosperity

A

Ritual purity

125
Q

Which text contains the basic law of ethical teaching in Judaism?
A) New Testament
B) Quran
C) Torah
D) Bhagavad Gita

A

Torah

126
Q

What is the significance of the Mishnah in Jewish tradition?
A) It is a collection of prophetic writings
B) It is a compilation of rabbinical decisions
C) It is a book of commentaries on the Torah
D) It is a collection of prayers

A

It is a compilation of rabbinical decisions

127
Q

What does Judaism teach about human nature?
A) Humans are inherently evil
B) Humans are fundamentally good
C) Humans are morally neutral
D) Humans are gods themselves

A

Humans are fundamentally good

128
Q

According to Jewish belief, what is right in life?
A) To pursue personal gain at all costs
B) To follow the will of God
C) To achieve fame and fortune
D) To satisfy personal desires

A

To follow the will of God

129
Q

What is emphasized in Jewish religious duties?
A) Individualism
B) Community welfare
C) Isolation
D) Material wealth

A

Community welfare

130
Q

How is revelation understood in Judaism?
A) As a one-time event
B) As a continuous process
C) As irrelevant
D) As mythical tales

A

As a continuous process

131
Q

What is the primary source of Jewish religious law?
A) Quran
B) Bible
C) Talmud
D) Vedas

A

Talmud

132
Q

According to Judaism, who has the final authority to give rules for humankind?
A) Human philosophers
B) Religious leaders
C) God
D) The government

A

God

133
Q

What is the Jewish perspective on morality?
A) It is subjective
B) It is absolute and given by God
C) It is constantly changing
D) It is determined by societal norms

A

It is absolute and given by God

134
Q

What is the main difference between Judaism and Christianity, according to Jewish belief?
A) The nature of God
B) The concept of the afterlife
C) The role of prophets
D) The importance of rituals

A

The nature of God

135
Q

What is the Jewish view on the importance of ethical living?
A) It is optional
B) It is a requirement
C) It is irrelevant
D) It is a hindrance

A

It is a requirement

136
Q

According to Jewish tradition, what is the role of Israel in relation to other nations?
A) To dominate them
B) To exclude them from God’s grace
C) To teach them God’s law
D) To oppress them

A

To teach them God’s law

137
Q

What fundamental change in outlook does Christianity bring compared to classical antiquity?
a) Emphasis on individual choice and effort
b) Conviction of sinfulness and need for salvation by God’s grace through Jesus Christ
c) Adherence to strict observance of laws
d) Focus on achieving a good life through worldly success

A

Conviction of sinfulness and need for salvation by God’s grace through Jesus Christ

138
Q

According to Christian ethics, what distinguishes Christianity from Judaism?
a) Acknowledgment of Jesus Christ as the Messiah
b) Strict adherence to the Ten Commandments
c) Emphasis on rituals and ceremonies
d) Focus on community welfare over individual salvation

A

Acknowledgment of Jesus Christ as the Messiah

139
Q

Which biblical event signifies a transition from rigid law observance to inner spirit of loving devotion?
a) The Last Supper
b) The Sermon on the Mount
c) The Exodus from Egypt
d) The Crucifixion of Jesus

A

The Sermon on the Mount

140
Q

What did Jesus emphasize regarding the Sabbath, challenging the Pharisees’ views?
a) Strict observance of Sabbath rituals
b) Sabbath as a day of rest and reflection
c) Healing and helping others on the Sabbath
d) Abstaining from all work on the Sabbath

A

Healing and helping others on the Sabbath

141
Q

Why did the Pharisees oppose Jesus?
a) For performing miracles
b) For associating with outcasts
c) For challenging their authority and hypocrisy
d) For neglecting the Sabbath

A

For challenging their authority and hypocrisy

142
Q

What distinguishes Jesus’ ministry in terms of ethical principles?
a) Introduction of entirely new principles
b) Emphasis on external acts over inner character
c) Synthesizing central convictions of morality in a simple manner
d) Ignoring the teachings of previous prophets

A

Synthesizing central convictions of morality in a simple manner

143
Q

What is the central theme of the Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount?
a) Wealth and prosperity
b) Humility, mercy, purity, and peace
c) Power and authority
d) Revenge and retribution

A

Humility, mercy, purity, and peace

144
Q

How does Christianity define love according to biblical teachings?
a) Romantic attraction (eros)
b) Familial affection (storge)
c) Selfless, sacrificial devotion (agape)
d) Platonic friendship (philia)

A

Selfless, sacrificial devotion (agape)

145
Q

Which virtue is considered supreme in Christian ethics?
a) Courage
b) Compassion
c) Humility
d) Love

A

Love

146
Q

What does Jesus highlight as the greatest commandments?
a) To perform rituals diligently
b) To love God and love one’s neighbor
c) To achieve personal success
d) To accumulate wealth and possessions

A

To love God and love one’s neighbor

147
Q

How does Christianity view the relationship between justice and love?
a) They conflict with each other
b) They are irrelevant to ethical conduct
c) They complement each other
d) Justice supersedes love in importance

A

They complement each other

148
Q

According to Christian ethics, what should one do to be forgiven by God?
a) Perform elaborate rituals
b) Seek revenge on wrongdoers
c) Practice forgiveness towards others
d) Accumulate wealth and power

A

Practice forgiveness towards others

149
Q

How should Christians treat people according to their outward appearance?
a) With favoritism and bias
b) With indifference and neglect
c) With equality and respect
d) With contempt and disdain

A

With equality and respect

150
Q

What does Jesus advise about giving to those in need?
a) To give generously and publicly
b) To give sparingly and discreetly
c) To give only to those of the same faith
d) To give without seeking recognition

A

To give without seeking recognition

151
Q

According to Christian teachings, what should leaders aspire to be?
a) Authoritarian rulers
b) Servants to others
c) Wealthy and powerful
d) Detached and uncaring

A

Servants to others

152
Q

Which biblical figure exemplifies servant leadership?
a) Moses
b) King Solomon
c) Pontius Pilate
d) Jesus Christ

A

Jesus Christ

153
Q

What is the ultimate expression of love according to Christianity?
a) Sacrificing one’s own interests for others
b) Accumulating wealth and possessions
c) Seeking revenge on enemies
d) Exercising power and authority over others

A

Sacrificing one’s own interests for others

154
Q

What is the significance of the New Testament in shaping Christian ethics?
a) It emphasizes ritualistic practices
b) It provides a historical account of Jesus’ life and teachings
c) It promotes individualistic pursuits
d) It rejects all moral teachings from the Old Testament

A

It provides a historical account of Jesus’ life and teachings

155
Q

How does Christianity view the concept of forgiveness?
a) As unnecessary for personal growth
b) As a sign of weakness
c) As essential for spiritual wellbeing
d) As irrelevant to ethical conduct

A

As essential for spiritual wellbeing

156
Q

What did Jesus prioritize over external acts in assessing one’s righteousness?
a) Wealth and social status
b) Inner motives and intentions
c) Adherence to religious rituals
d) Obedience to authority figures

A

Inner motives and intentions

157
Q

According to Christian ethics, what is the foundation of a just society?
a) Accumulation of wealth and power
b) Enforcement of strict laws
c) Love and compassion
d) Hierarchical social structures

A

Love and compassion

158
Q

What principle guides Christian attitudes towards enemies?
a) Seek revenge and retribution
b) Love and pray for them
c) Ignore their existence
d) Isolate and exclude them

A

Love and pray for them

159
Q

What did Jesus teach about the Sabbath?
a) It should be strictly observed without exception
b) It is a day for rest and reflection
c) It is irrelevant to modern life
d) It should be abolished entirely

A

It is a day for rest and reflection

160
Q

What is the central message of the Sermon on the Mount?
a) The importance of material wealth
b) The significance of social status
c) The values of humility, mercy, and peacemaking
d) The pursuit of power and authority

A

The values of humility, mercy, and peacemaking

161
Q

What does the term “Islam” mean?
a) Love and compassion
b) Surrender and submission to Allah
c) Enlightenment and wisdom
d) Harmony and peace

A

Surrender and submission to Allah

162
Q

Who is considered the founder of Islam?
a) Abraham
b) Jesus
c) Moses
d) Mohammed

A

Mohammed

163
Q

What is the Islamic holy book called?
a) Bible
b) Torah
c) Quran
d) Vedas

A

Quran

164
Q

According to Muslims, who is the “Seal of the Prophets”?
a) Jesus
b) Abraham
c) Moses
d) Mohammed

A

Mohammed

165
Q

What is the Islamic concept of the Day of Judgement?
a) Day of Atonement
b) Day of Resurrection
c) Day of Reckoning
d) All of the above

A

All of the above

166
Q

Which of the following is one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
a) Fasting during Lent
b) Pilgrimage to Jerusalem
c) Almsgiving
d) Praying to saints

A

Almsgiving

167
Q

What is the duty of reciting the creed in Islam called?
a) Hijj
b) Zakah
c) Shahadah
d) Salah

A

Shahadah

168
Q

How many times a day do Muslims pray?
a) Three
b) Five
c) Seven
d) Ten

A

Five

169
Q

What is the duty of observing the month of fasting called?
a) Hijj
b) Zakah
c) Saum
d) Shahadah

A

Saum

170
Q

What percentage of net worth do Muslims pay annually for almsgiving?
a) 1%
b) 2.5%
c) 5%
d) 10%

A

2.5%

171
Q

Which duty of Islam requires a pilgrimage to Mecca?
a) Salah
b) Zakah
c) Hijj
d) Saum

A

Hijj

172
Q

What is the optional sixth duty in Islam?
a) Fasting during Ramadan
b) Almsgiving
c) Jihad
d) Pilgrimage to Medina

A

Jihad

173
Q

What does jihad refer to in Islam?
a) Personal growth and development
b) Struggle against one’s own faults
c) Holy war to defend or spread Islam
d) Charity work

A

Holy war to defend or spread Islam

174
Q

Which of the following is NOT emphasized in Islamic teachings?
a) Compassion
b) Justice
c) Equality
d) Revenge

A

Revenge

175
Q

What is the Islamic concept of the afterlife?
a) Reincarnation
b) Eternal paradise or hell
c) Nirvana
d) Purgatory

A

Eternal paradise or hell

176
Q

What is the Islamic Shari’ah?
a) The leader of the mosque
b) Islamic law
c) A type of Islamic prayer
d) The holy book of Islam

A

Islamic law

177
Q

What does the Shari’ah regulate?
a) Only public aspects of life
b) Only private aspects of life
c) Both public and some private aspects of life
d) None of the above

A

Both public and some private aspects of life

178
Q

What are the two main sources of Islamic law?
a) Bible and Torah
b) Quran and Hadith
c) Vedas and Upanishads
d) None of the above

A

Quran and Hadith

179
Q

What is the primary focus of Islamic ethics?
a) Dogma
b) Behavior
c) Meditation
d) Rituals

A

Behavior

180
Q

What is the core principle of Islamic ethics?
a) Following rituals strictly
b) Seeking knowledge
c) Surrendering to Allah’s will
d) Individual freedom

A

Surrendering to Allah’s will

181
Q

How is right action determined in Islam?
a) By human reasoning
b) By tradition
c) By Allah’s will
d) By societal norms

A

By Allah’s will

182
Q

Which of the following is true about the Islamic concept of predestination?
a) Humans have complete control over their fate
b) Everything is predestined by Allah’s will
c) Humans can change their fate through prayer
d) Predestination is not a concept in Islam

A

Everything is predestined by Allah’s will

183
Q

What is the significance of the Quran in Islam?
a) It is a historical record
b) It is a collection of poetry
c) It is the final revelation of God
d) It is a compilation of folk tales

A

It is the final revelation of God

184
Q

Which prophet is considered the greatest in Islam?
a) Adam
b) Moses
c) Jesus
d) Mohammed

A

Mohammed

185
Q

What is the meaning of the Arabic word “jihad”?
a) Peace
b) Struggle
c) Love
d) Harmony

A

Struggle

Ethics (5 decks)

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