multiple choice Flashcards
Intellectual substances are capable of willing
T
The intellectual substance is a body
F
The intelligent substance is composed of matter and form
F
What does Aquinas defend as the definitive ability of an intellectual substance with a will?
ability to move themselves
Why is intellectual substance incorruptible?
[X] subsistent forms
What is one of the ways that Aquinas argues the intellect is not the same as the senses?
sense is cognizant of singulars
The passions/emotions can exist in the virtuous person if they are ______.
subordinate to reason
Who is Aquinas’ model for believing that sorrow can exist within the virtuous person?
Jesus Christ
According to Aristotle, rocks have souls
F
According to Aristotle, plants have souls
T
According to Aristotle, the soul is not separable from the body
T
What is the soul according to Aristotle?
principle of animals
Aristotle concludes that _______.
Affections and matter are inseparable
Matter is _____ and form is _____.
Potentiality / Actuality
A defining account (definition) must not only show a fact, but must also indicate its ______.
cause
What distinguishes things with souls from those without?
living
How does Aristotle separate plants, animals, and humans?
Different cognitive functionality
What are Aristotle’s three divisions (three principles or three parts) of the soul?
Nutritive, Perceptive, Understanding
Augustine claims the mind/soul is immaterial as it has the ability to be present (feel sensations) in different places of the body at the same time
T
Augustine believes that the flesh (i.e., body) is the root of vice
F
What can die a second death in the thought of Augustine?
soul
How is righteousness fulfilled according to Augustine?
death
What is the origin of evil according to Augustine?
free will
Augustine differs from the Greeks in that he views ________.
The soul as corrupting the body.
The right (or good) will is _______.
well directed love
Which virtue exalts humanity?
humility
How does Descartes classify sensory perceptions?
mental events
What kind of perception is, “I am certain that I am a thinking thing?”
vivid and clear
What two things does this meditation set out to accomplish?
God exists and he is not a deceiver.
Which kinds of thought are prone to mistakes?
judgements
How does Descartes define the term innate (as in innate idea)?
derived purely from my own nature
How does Descartes reinvision ideas to illustrate differences between ideas (not ideas simply as mental events).
ideas as representations
How does Descartes understand the nature of causation? What is his causal principle?
effects must have as much reality as their cause
What problem does Descartes raise with ideas causing other ideas?
infinite regress
What is the problem with the idea of having an idea of an infinite substance according to Descartes?
I am a finite substance.
When wax melts, according to Descartes, its identity changes
F
For Descartes, God must exist
T
In order to establish any firm and lasting knowledge, for Descartes, what must he do?
Find something certain and indubitable that can act as a foundation for whatever one knows.
Descartes finds reason to doubt everything because…
It is possible that there is an evil demon deceiving him about everything.
According to Descartes, which of the following best describes the soul?
a thinking thing
For Descartes, what is crucial about “I am I exist” is that it:
is certainly true whenever I think it.
In Meditation 1, Descartes initially takes the argument that we cannot rely on our senses to require only that he show that they:
sometimes mislead
The evil demon cannot deceive Descartes that he exists when he thinks that he does because deception:
requires thought
Descartes introduces the argument of the wax (Meditation 2) to show that:
the mind is better known than the body.
Descartes’ crucial observation about the wax is that:
I continue to know it, despite numerous external changes.
An Epicurean ought to secure the finest luxuries possible.
F
Sober reasoning produces the pleasant life.
T
Epicurus thinks that the study of philosophy is for _____.
the health of the soul
What is the primary concept/object of meditation for philosophy?
happiness
Impiety according to Epicurus is _____?
Attaching oneself to the belief of the many
What makes death painful according to Epicurus?
anticipation
What is the best way to attain blessedness?
avoid pain
What is the Epicurean standard by which he judges every good?
pleasure
What is the greatest good in Epicurean thought?
prudence
What does Hobbes believe is similar in all men (i.e., humans)?
thoughts and passions
What is the cause of sense according to Hobbes?
external bodies
What does Hobbes argue the philosophy schools through all universities of the Christian world – based on Aristotle – teach?
intelligible species
How does Hobbes understand happiness?
continual progress of desires
What are the origins of ideas according to Hume?
impressions
What is a complex idea according to Hume?
able to be distinguished into parts
How does Hume justify the idea that simple impressions always come before simple ideas?
constant experience / constant conjunction
What problem does Hume raise for his own position concerning ideas and impressions?
color shades
What does Hume think is problematic about the way philosophers’ reason about the mind?
leaves out children and animals
What is reason according to Hume?
instinct
