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phil final > multiple choice > Flashcards

multiple choice Flashcards

1
Q

Intellectual substances are capable of willing

A

T

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2
Q

The intellectual substance is a body

A

F

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3
Q

The intelligent substance is composed of matter and form

A

F

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4
Q

What does Aquinas defend as the definitive ability of an intellectual substance with a will?

A

ability to move themselves

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5
Q

Why is intellectual substance incorruptible?

A

[X] subsistent forms

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6
Q

What is one of the ways that Aquinas argues the intellect is not the same as the senses?

A

sense is cognizant of singulars

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7
Q

The passions/emotions can exist in the virtuous person if they are ______.

A

subordinate to reason

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8
Q

Who is Aquinas’ model for believing that sorrow can exist within the virtuous person?

A

Jesus Christ

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9
Q

According to Aristotle, rocks have souls

A

F

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10
Q

According to Aristotle, plants have souls

A

T

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11
Q

According to Aristotle, the soul is not separable from the body

A

T

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12
Q

What is the soul according to Aristotle?

A

principle of animals

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13
Q

Aristotle concludes that _______.

A

Affections and matter are inseparable

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14
Q

Matter is _____ and form is _____.

A

Potentiality / Actuality

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15
Q

A defining account (definition) must not only show a fact, but must also indicate its ______.

A

cause

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16
Q

What distinguishes things with souls from those without?

A

living

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17
Q

How does Aristotle separate plants, animals, and humans?

A

Different cognitive functionality

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18
Q

What are Aristotle’s three divisions (three principles or three parts) of the soul?

A

Nutritive, Perceptive, Understanding

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19
Q

Augustine claims the mind/soul is immaterial as it has the ability to be present (feel sensations) in different places of the body at the same time

A

T

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20
Q

Augustine believes that the flesh (i.e., body) is the root of vice

A

F

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21
Q

What can die a second death in the thought of Augustine?

A

soul

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22
Q

How is righteousness fulfilled according to Augustine?

A

death

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23
Q

What is the origin of evil according to Augustine?

A

free will

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24
Q

Augustine differs from the Greeks in that he views ________.

A

The soul as corrupting the body.

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25
Q

The right (or good) will is _______.

A

well directed love

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26
Q

Which virtue exalts humanity?

A

humility

27
Q

How does Descartes classify sensory perceptions?

A

mental events

28
Q

What kind of perception is, “I am certain that I am a thinking thing?”

A

vivid and clear

29
Q

What two things does this meditation set out to accomplish?

A

God exists and he is not a deceiver.

30
Q

Which kinds of thought are prone to mistakes?

A

judgements

31
Q

How does Descartes define the term innate (as in innate idea)?

A

derived purely from my own nature

32
Q

How does Descartes reinvision ideas to illustrate differences between ideas (not ideas simply as mental events).

A

ideas as representations

33
Q

How does Descartes understand the nature of causation? What is his causal principle?

A

effects must have as much reality as their cause

34
Q

What problem does Descartes raise with ideas causing other ideas?

A

infinite regress

35
Q

What is the problem with the idea of having an idea of an infinite substance according to Descartes?

A

I am a finite substance.

36
Q

When wax melts, according to Descartes, its identity changes

A

F

37
Q

For Descartes, God must exist

A

T

38
Q

In order to establish any firm and lasting knowledge, for Descartes, what must he do?

A

Find something certain and indubitable that can act as a foundation for whatever one knows.

39
Q

Descartes finds reason to doubt everything because…

A

It is possible that there is an evil demon deceiving him about everything.

40
Q

According to Descartes, which of the following best describes the soul?

A

a thinking thing

41
Q

For Descartes, what is crucial about “I am I exist” is that it:

A

is certainly true whenever I think it.

42
Q

In Meditation 1, Descartes initially takes the argument that we cannot rely on our senses to require only that he show that they:

A

sometimes mislead

43
Q

The evil demon cannot deceive Descartes that he exists when he thinks that he does because deception:

A

requires thought

44
Q

Descartes introduces the argument of the wax (Meditation 2) to show that:

A

the mind is better known than the body.

45
Q

Descartes’ crucial observation about the wax is that:

A

I continue to know it, despite numerous external changes.

46
Q

An Epicurean ought to secure the finest luxuries possible.

A

F

47
Q

Sober reasoning produces the pleasant life.

A

T

48
Q

Epicurus thinks that the study of philosophy is for _____.

A

the health of the soul

49
Q

What is the primary concept/object of meditation for philosophy?

A

happiness

50
Q

Impiety according to Epicurus is _____?

A

Attaching oneself to the belief of the many

51
Q

What makes death painful according to Epicurus?

A

anticipation

52
Q

What is the best way to attain blessedness?

A

avoid pain

53
Q

What is the Epicurean standard by which he judges every good?

A

pleasure

54
Q

What is the greatest good in Epicurean thought?

A

prudence

55
Q

What does Hobbes believe is similar in all men (i.e., humans)?

A

thoughts and passions

56
Q

What is the cause of sense according to Hobbes?

A

external bodies

57
Q

What does Hobbes argue the philosophy schools through all universities of the Christian world – based on Aristotle – teach?

A

intelligible species

58
Q

How does Hobbes understand happiness?

A

continual progress of desires

59
Q

What are the origins of ideas according to Hume?

A

impressions

60
Q

What is a complex idea according to Hume?

A

able to be distinguished into parts

61
Q

How does Hume justify the idea that simple impressions always come before simple ideas?

A

constant experience / constant conjunction

62
Q

What problem does Hume raise for his own position concerning ideas and impressions?

A

color shades

63
Q

What does Hume think is problematic about the way philosophers’ reason about the mind?

A

leaves out children and animals

64
Q

What is reason according to Hume?

A

instinct

phil final (2 decks)

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