multiple choice Flashcards
describe sociorelational context/how it applies to neulieps contextual model
sociorelational context – group membership and the roles one assumes within a culture
the role relationship between interactants defined by verbal and nonverbal messages
describe roles, the difference between informal and formal roles and how this influences your social identity.
roles – one’s relative hierarchical position or rank in a group. A role is a prescribed set of behaviors that is expected to fulfill the role. Roles prescribe with whom, about what, and how to interact.
formal roles – have well-defined, and often contractual, behavioral expectations associated with them. One in a formal role often takes an oath declaring his or her allegiance to the group and pledging a faithful effort to follow the expectations described.
informal roles – learned informally and are much less explicit than formal roles. Behavioral expectations associated with informal roles must be mastered by experience and vary considerably from person to person and group to group
describe role differentiation and stratification and how this influences communication
4 dimensions of role differentiation
1. personality
2. formality
3. hierarchy
4. deviation from the ideal role enactment
social stratification – a culture’s organization of roles into a hierarchical vertical status structure
explain matriarchy and patriarchy and some cultural differences in terms of cultures’ approach to family.
Patriarchy – a social system in which the father or eldest male is head of the clan or family unit and descent is traced through the male line
§ Males wield power disproportionately compared with women
Matriarchy – equality based and need oriented
§ Natural differences between men and women are acknowledged and respected, but they are not used to create social hierarchies
Nuclear family
§ More common in low-context, individualistic, small power distance cultures (US, Canada, northern Europe)
o Extended families – common in Central and South America, Africa, Middle East, Asia
o Collectivistic – families are generally cohesive and well-integrated. Familial relations are caring and warm but also hierarchical. Typically not democratic
o Individualistic – less emphasis on hierarchy and more emphasis on individual development. More democratic
Describe morphemes and phonemes and be able to identify each
Phonemes – smallest units of sound, as in consonants or vowels
Morphemes – smallest meaningful units of sound; combinations of phonemes
Describe what universal grammar is and how is it related to intercultural communication
the idea that all languages share a common rule structure or grammar that is innate to human beings, regardless of culture
Explain emblems, illustrators, regulators, adaptors, and affect displays/facial expressions and be able to identify some cultural differences for each
Emblems – primarily hand gestures that have a direct verbal translation; can be used to repeat or to substitute for verbal communication
Illustrators – primarily hand and arm movements that function to accent or complement speech
Regulators – nonverbal acts that manage and govern communication between people, such as stance, distance, and eye contact
Affect displays – nonverbal presentations of emotion, primarily communicated through facial expressions
Explain each of the following approaches to marriage: polygamy, polyandry, polyamory, and monogamy
Polygamy – The practice of having multiple spouses
Polygyny – The practice of having multiple wives
Polyandry – The practice of having multiple husbands
Describe intercultural conflict and the various aspects people can have difference of perspectives on (perceived incompatible list)
Intercultural conflict – the implicit or explicit emotional struggle between persons of different cultures over perceived or actual incompatibility of cultural ideologies and values,
situational norms, goals, face orientations, scarce resources, styles/processes, and/or outcomes in a face-to-face context
Describe third culture and how it relates to relational empathy
third culture- whenever two people develop a relationship, it creates a third culture of relational empathy (the creation of new perceptions, beliefs, norms within this new relationship)
Describe some of the research on interracial couples, especially the divorce rate, prevalence of dating/marrying between microcultures, and relational maintenance behaviors
-about ⅔ of interracial marriages end in divorce, compared with 40 to 50% for all marriages
-interracial relationships usually face more hardship and stereotypes
relational maintenance- centers on how relational partners uphold and sustain their relationship
behaviors include…
-self disclosure
-relationship talk
-positivity
-understanding
-assurances
-networks
-tasks
Describe conflict resolution in individualistic and collectivistic cultures and high versus low-context cultures
conflict resolution can be solved through dialogue, which may be easier for those in a collectivistic culture… Low context cultures have an easier ability to communicate more directly while high context cultures require reading between the lines… this makes clarifying issues more difficult
Explain organization culture and some of the factors that influence it
organized pattern of values and beliefs held by members of organization, being individualistic or collectivistic will change this
Describe management practices among the following cultures: Japanese, German, Mexican, and Chinese
j- based on wa, or harmony
g- love high tech products moving toward modernism
m- worries abt group harmony being destructed , large power distance
chin- deep respect for seniors
Describe cultural differences in health, including patient-provider communication in terms of paternalism and consumerism
face to face interaction between patient and provider
paternalism- doc has more power
consumerism- patient power
