multiple attachments

Question 1

Multiple attachments definition

Answer 1

Having more than one attachments figure

Question 2

what stage was multiple attachments in S&E

Answer 2

stage 4

Question 3

When do multiple attachments form

Answer 3

Very soon after main attachment is formed

Question 4

Examples of who infants may form multiple attachments toward

Answer 4

Siblings, neighbours, grandparents

Question 5

Acc to S&E, how many infants had multiple att within 1m of first attachment

Answer 5

29%

Question 6

Acc to S&E, how many infants had multiple att within 6m of first attachment

Answer 6

78%

Question 7

Acc to S&E, by the age of 1 how many infants had formed 5 or more secondary attachments

Answer 7

1/3

Question 8

AO3: multiple attachments

Answer 8

lim: cultural variation
lim: S&E study
str: S&E study

Question 10

Multiple attachments lim: cultural variation

Answer 10

Differences between cultures in the way ppl relate to each other

Individualist cultures (eg Britain and US): each person is primarily concerned w their own needs or needs of immediate family group

Collectivist cultures: more focused on needs of the group rather than individuals, w ppl sharing many things such as childcare

Multiple attachments are more common in collectivist societies
- Research by Sage supports this as compared infants raised in communal environments w infants rsied in family-based sleeping arrangements
- In a kibbutz, kids spend time in community childrens homes cared for by a metapelet
- Closeness of attachment w mothers was almost 2x as common in family-based arrangements than in communal

= suggests the stage model applies specifically to individualist cultures
=lacks universal applicability

Question 11

Multiple attachments lim: S&E study

Answer 11

Data collected is unreliable

Based on mothers reports of their infants

Some mothers may have been less sensitive to their infants protests and less likely to report them

Some mothers may have not reported every protest in order to look like a more favorable parent: social desirability bias

=this would create a systematic bias which would challenge the validity of the data

Sample was biased

1) WC population: findings may apply to that social groupd and not others

=lacks universal applicability

2) 1960s sample: parental care has changed
- more women go out to work so many children are cared for outside the home, or fathers stay at home
- research: number of dads who stay at home and care for kids has quadrupled over the past 25 years

= findings may be different if study conducted today
=lacks historical validity

Question 12

multiple attachments str: S&E study

Answer 12

1) Longitudinal study
Reduce recall bias
~reduce the impact of recall bias by collecting data before participants know about future events.

Establish sequences of events
~help researchers establish the order in which events occur.

Assess time-related characteristics
~help researchers assess how often, when, and for how long events occur

Detect developments
~help researchers detect changes in characteristics of a population over time.

2) Observations carried out by the parents in the home
The observations did not take place in controlled, lab conditions
This means that the babies were not distracted by the presence of unfamiliar researchers
This means that the babies were simply ‘being babies’ in their home environment
= high external validity